Monoglycerides as an Antifungal Agent

Nitbani, Febri Odel; Jumina, Jumina

doi:10.5772/intechopen.91743

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Molecules from the lipid group with surfactant properties usually have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components in their molecules [23,27]. The surfactant properties possessed by lipid class compounds allow for effective interactions with pathogenic microbes such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses.…”

Section: Chemical Perspective Of Vcomentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Properties of Lauric Acid and Monolaurin in Virgin Coconut Oil: A Review

et al. 2022

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Virgin coconut oil is obtained by wet processing of coconut milk using fermentation, centrifugation, enzymatic extraction, and the microwave heating method. Presently, VCO has several positive effects and benefits to human health, hence, it is regularly consumed and widely known as a unique functional food. VCO contains lauric acid (45 to 52 %). By lipase in the digestive system, VCO can undergo a breakdown into lauric acid, 1-monolaurin, and 2-monolaurin. These components have both hydrophilic and lipophilic groups and are also recognized as excellent antimicrobial lipids. Furthermore, lauric acid and monolaurin can be used as antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral with broad-spectrum inhibition. Lauric acid and monolaurin have a strong ability to destroy gram-positive bacteria, especially S. aureus, fungi such as C. Albicans, and viruses including vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and visna virus (VV). Lauric acid and monolaurin interact with certain functional groups located in the cell membrane and can cause damage to the cell. In general, the potential of VCO as healthy food is contributed by lauric acid and monolaurin which are antimicrobial agents.

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Section: Chemical Perspective Of Vcomentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Properties of Lauric Acid and Monolaurin in Virgin Coconut Oil: A Review

et al. 2022

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“…4 . Glycerol is a polar compound, with nontoxic property, and mainly a by-product of biodiesel production 34 . Utilizing glycerol as a raw material in monoglyceride synthesis is an effort to increase the sale value of glycerol and the efficiency of the biodiesel industry.…”

Section: Glycerolysis Of Vegetable Oil 311 Chemical-catalyzed Glycementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The homogeneous acid catalyst used can be derived from H 2 SO 4 and pTSA 18,34 . The weakness of using this catalyst is its non-reusable aspect and it becomes a waste in the environment.…”

Section: Acid-catalyzed Esterification Reaction Of Free Fattymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isolation of the final product 1-monoglyceride can be carried out by column chromatography 12 . Other purification method is extraction in a hydroalcoholic solution water-ethanol solution mixture 80:20 34 and washed with n-hexane to separate the by-products which are usually fatty acids or fatty acids ethyl ester 79 . The isolation technique by liquid-liquid extraction is more advantageous because it uses safe solvents; simple equipment, and is easy to do.…”

Section: Protected Glycerol In the Synthesis Of Monoglyceridesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of Fatty Acid and Monoglyceride from Vegetable Oil

et al. 2020

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Introduction Fatty acids and monoglycerides are two groups of lipid compounds that can be produced from vegetable oils or animal fats. Vegetable oil is a triglyceride compound, also known as triacylglycerol or glycerol triester, with the acyl group that comes from a fatty acid. The type of vegetable oil is determined by the kind of fatty acid that is bound to triglycerides. Triglycerides of vegetable oils comprises of certain major fatty acids with some other minor fatty acids. For example, the coconut oil Cocos nucifera L. , the castor oil Ricinus communis L. , the olive oil, the sunflower oil, the palm oil contains 54 lauric acid 1 , 93 ricinoleic acid 2 , oleic acids 3 , oleic and linoleic acid 4 and palmitic acid 5 , respectively. Some types of fatty acids such as EPA and DHA have essential functions in health such as reducing coronary heart disease risk factors, preventing certain cancers and im

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“…Galla chinensis strongly inhibited A136 galactosidase activity, while coptis chinensis had no inhibitory effect. In the 1970s, John Kabara first proposed that glyceryl monolaurate has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, including against bacteria, fungi, and viruses [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lauric Acid Induces Apoptosis of Rice Sheath Blight Disease Caused by Rhizoctonia solani by Affecting Fungal Fatty Acid Metabolism and Destroying the Dynamic Equilibrium of Reactive Oxygen Species

Wang

Yang

et al. 2022

JoF

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Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the major rice diseases. In order to better understand the inhibitory mechanism of lauric acid on the disease, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to analyze the transcriptome changes in Rhizoctonia solani treated with lauric acid for 3 h, 6 h, 18 h, and 24 h, including 2306 genes; 1994 genes; 2778 genes; and 2872 genes. Based on gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, we found that protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum (KO04141), carbon metabolism (KO01200), and starch and sucrose metabolism were significantly enriched. Most oxidoreductase, dehydrogenase, reductase, and transferase genes are downregulated in this process. Lauric acid can affect ergosterol content, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, hydrogen peroxide content, electrolyte leakage, reactive oxygen species balance, and can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Lauric acid also increased the expression levels of ER chaperone glucose regulatory protein Grp78 (BIP), protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and Calpain (CNX), and decreased the expression levels of HSP40, HSP70, and HSP90 genes. Lauric acid affected the ergosterol content in the cell membrane of R. solani, which induces ER stress and increases the BiP level to induce the apoptosis of Rhizoctonia solani. These results indicated that lauric acid could be used to control rice sheath blight.

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Monoglycerides as an Antifungal Agent

Cited by 7 publications

References 44 publications

Antimicrobial Properties of Lauric Acid and Monolaurin in Virgin Coconut Oil: A Review

Antimicrobial Properties of Lauric Acid and Monolaurin in Virgin Coconut Oil: A Review

Preparation of Fatty Acid and Monoglyceride from Vegetable Oil

Lauric Acid Induces Apoptosis of Rice Sheath Blight Disease Caused by Rhizoctonia solani by Affecting Fungal Fatty Acid Metabolism and Destroying the Dynamic Equilibrium of Reactive Oxygen Species

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