Monolayer vs. multilayer self-assembled alkylphosphonate films: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies

Gouzman, I.; Dubey, Manish; Carolus, Michael D.; Schwartz, Jeffrey; Bernasek, Steven L.

doi:10.1016/j.susc.2005.11.030

Cited by 170 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Additionally, a further increase of the calcium concentration proved that the collector reacted with free calcium ions in the pulp and precipitate on quartz surfaces. The C1s spectra of samples shown in Figure 9 can be fitted with four component binding energies of C1s at around 284.87 eV, 285.85 eV, 288.65 eV and 289.85 eV that originated from the carbon atoms in functional groups of C-C/C-H, C-O, C=O and O-C=O, respectively [36][37][38]. In the absence of collector in solution, the binding energy at around 284.80 eV for apatite, dolomite, and quartz can be attributed to adventitious carbon contamination.…”

Section: Xps Analyses and High-resolution Spectra Of Pure Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Metal Ions on the Flotation of Apatite, Dolomite and Quartz

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The effects of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Al 3+ , and Fe 3+ on the flotation behaviors of apatite, dolomite and quartz were investigated through a micro-flotation test, and the influence of calcium ions on the flotation of these minerals was further elucidated by solution chemistry study, zeta potential measurement, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The results indicate that an appropriate amount of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ can improve the floatability of apatite but had a negligible effect on the flotation performance of dolomite, whereas Al 3+ , Fe 3+ , and excessive amounts of Ca 2+ decreased the recovery of apatite and dolomite. The studied metal cations can activate quartz at a particular pH. It can be inferred from solution chemistry and zeta potential measurement that the influence of metal ions on the flotation of different minerals should be attributed to the adsorption of various hydrolysis species on the mineral surfaces. XPS analyses reveal that calcium ions can enhance the adsorption of anionic collector on apatite and quartz surfaces, and there are no apparent changes to be observed on the surface of dolomite in the absence and presence of calcium ions at a concentration of 2.5 × 10 −3 M, which was in good agreement with the micro-flotation results.

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Section: Xps Analyses and High-resolution Spectra Of Pure Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Metal Ions on the Flotation of Apatite, Dolomite and Quartz

et al. 2018

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“…34,39 However, the electrode cycled with the 10% LiBF 4 electrolyte is dominated by inorganic species from the decomposition products of lithium salts including LiF (56 eV in Li 1s and 685 eV in F 1s) and borates (191.7 eV in B1s). 8,28,40 The binding energies used for fitting and corresponding atomic concentrations are summarized in Table I. The SEI generated from the 1.2 M LiPF 6 electrolyte is composed primarily of carbon, oxygen, and lithium (∼90%), indicating that the SEI is dominated by LEDC with low concentrations of LiPF 6 decomposition products.…”

Section: Electrochemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium Salt Effects on Silicon Electrode Performance and Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) Structure, Role of Solution Structure on SEI Formation

Yoon

Chapman

Seo

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Silicon electrodes were cycled with electrolytes containing different salts to investigate the effect of salt on the electrochemical performance and SEI structure. Comparable capacity retention were observed for the 1.2 M LiPF 6 , LiTFSI and LiClO 4 electrolytes in ethylene carbonate (EC):dimethyl carbonate (DEC), 1:1, but severe fading was observed for the 1.2 M LiBF 4 electrolyte. The differential capacity plots and EIS analysis reveals that failure of the 1.2 M LiBF 4 electrolyte is attributed to large surface resistance and increasing polarization upon cycling. However, when LiBF 4 was added as an electrolyte additive (10% LiBF 4 and 90% LiPF 6 ), the capacity retention and Coulombic efficiency were improved. The SEI was analyzed by FTIR and XPS for each electrolyte. Both spectroscopic methods suggest that the main components of the SEI are lithium ethylene dicarbonate (LEDC) and Li 2 CO 3 in the 1.2 M LiPF 6 , LiTFSI and LiClO 4 electrolytes, while an inorganic-rich SEI, composed of LiF and borates, was generated for both the Silicon negative electrodes for lithium ion batteries have attracted academic and industrial interest, since they provide ∼10 times more specific capacity (3579 mA g −1 ) than graphite (372 mA g −1 ). However, the large volumetric changes during lithiation and delithiation limits commercial application.1 The volume changes result in mechanical stress to individual Si particles and the binder which maintains physical contact between electrode components, thus degenerating the electrode laminate upon repeated lithiation/delithiation. 2,3In particular, it has been demonstrated that the electric contact loss becomes severe during delithiation when the Si particles are contracted. Thus, incomplete delithiation due to contact resistance has been reported as one of dominant failure mechanisms. [4][5][6][7] In addition to the volume contraction, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) has been reported to be another factor that impedes the reversibility of lithiation. 5,7 When the SEI on silicon is modified by fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), the capacity retention, reversibility of lithiation, and suppression of electrolyte decomposition are observed. 5,7,8 Since the improvement of the SEI is critical for improving the electrochemical performance of Si electrodes, great efforts have been devoted to modify the SEI by using electrolyte additives, surface coatings, or concentrated electrolytes. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Recently, it has been reported that the SEI can be significantly modified by changing the electrolyte concentration. [16][17][18] For instance, propylene carbonate (PC)-based electrolytes do not generate a stable passivation layer on graphite at low salt concentration. However, upon dissolving high concentrations of either LiPF 6 or LiTFSI into PC a LiF rich passivation layer is generated on graphite affording electrochemical reversibility of the graphite. 16,18 The change in salt concentration has been reported to result in a change solution structure of the electrolyte. 16,...

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“…[61][62][63][64][65][66] Differential charging of SAM layers has received some attention in the literature. [67][68][69][70] The advantages of using an IDE as a substrate are numerous. The width and length of the electrodes can be controlled.…”

Section: Other Patterning Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelectronic characterization of heterointerfaces.

Brumbach¹

2012

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In many devices such as solar cells, light emitting diodes, transistors, etc., the performance relies on the electronic structure at interfaces between materials within the device. The objective of this work was to perform robust characterization of hybrid (organic/inorganic) interfaces by tailoring the interfacial region for photoelectron spectroscopy. Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) were utilized to induce dipoles of various magnitudes at the interface. Additionally, SAMs of molecules with varying dipolar characteristics were mixed into spatially organized structures to systematically vary the apparent work function. Polymer thin films were characterized by depositing films of varying thicknesses on numerous substrates with and without interfacial modifications. Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) was performed to evaluate a buried interface between indium tin oxide (ITO), treated under various conditions, and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Conducting polymer films were found to be sufficiently conducting such that no significant charge redistribution in the polymer films was observed. Consequently, a further departure from uniform substrates was taken whereby electrically disconnected regions of the substrate presented ideally insulating interfacial contacts. In order to accomplish this novel strategy, interdigitated electrodes were used as the substrate. Conducting fingers of one half of the electrodes were electrically grounded while the other set of electrodes were electronically floating. This allowed for the evaluation of substrate charging on photoelectron spectra (SCOPES) in the presence of overlying semiconducting thin films. Such an experiment has never before been reported. This concept was developed out of the previous experiments on interfacial modification and thin film depositions and presents new opportunities for understanding chemical and electronic changes in a multitude of materials and interfaces. 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTSMany people helped with various aspects of this project. I would like to thank

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Monolayer vs. multilayer self-assembled alkylphosphonate films: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies

Cited by 170 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of Metal Ions on the Flotation of Apatite, Dolomite and Quartz

Effects of Metal Ions on the Flotation of Apatite, Dolomite and Quartz

Lithium Salt Effects on Silicon Electrode Performance and Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) Structure, Role of Solution Structure on SEI Formation

Photoelectronic characterization of heterointerfaces.

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