Monolithic wood biochar properties and supercapacitor performance relationships

Flexible Solid-state Supercapacitors Using 2D White Graphene

“…Based on Equation (1), the capacitance C is a function of constant dielectric (𝜀𝜖, 𝜀=8.854×10 -12 ; vacuum permittivity) and proportional to the ratio of interface area (A) and distance between two electrodes (d) [3]. Opposed to conventional capacitors, a supercapacitor is an energy storage device composed of two electrodes made with pours materials that are separated by an electrolyte, which is ion-conductive and non-electron conductive (Figure 3, left schematic) [4]. Charge accumulation still follows the Equation ( 1) with an increased surface area by using highly porous electrode materials such as carbon.…”

“…Basically, EDL describes a particular arrangement of electrolyte ions at the electrode-electrolyte interface when the electrode surface is charged [5]. Visualization of EDL begins with the Helmholtz model as shown in Figure 3a [4] A layer of ion charges forms on the electrode surface with opposite charges during the charging state to balance the charges on the electrodes. The Helmholtz model expanded to the Gouy-Chapman, which describes ion density as a distance function from the surface of an electrode rather than a layer of clung ions to the surface of the electrodes (Figure 3b).…”