Monosodium Glutamate Safety, Neurotoxicity and Some Recent Studies

Farhat, Fatma

doi:10.21608/ajps.2021.187828

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Мутації генів у своє чергу потенційно можуть спричинити розвиток патологічних станів, метаболічних порушень, неоплазій і неврологічних дефектів [13], які можуть мати місце і в наступних поколіннях [14]. Сучасні дослідження довели, що глутамат натрію чинить токсичний вплив на слинні залози [15,16,17], тканини зубів [10], печінки [19,20], підшлункової залози [21,22], товстої кишки [23,24], спричиняє пошкодження статевої системи [25,26] [27]. Знаходимо дані і щодо причетності глутамату натрію до розвитку неспецифічного виразкового коліту або хвороби Крона, це пояснюється досить частим вживанням Е 621 у складі багатих на жири продуктів, що призводить до порушення мікробіому кищечника та, як наслідок, виникнення запальних процесів [23].…”

Section: актуальні проблеми сучасної медициниunclassified

Morphological Changes in Some Body Organs Under the Impact of Food Additives

Babenko¹,

Starchenko²,

Filenko³

et al. 2022

Act. Probl. of the Modern Med.

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Food additives are quite widely used in different countries worldwide. They include emulsifiers, antioxidants, dyes, and corrective substances. In Ukraine, about 500 substances are allowed to be use in the food industry; they are labelled with the letter "E" and the corresponding number and even are approved by the European Community. Food additives are divided into additives of natural origin and chemically synthesized. For safe use, each substance must undergo experimental or clinical studies and have an evidence base for the absence of carcinogenicity, acute and chronic toxicity, teratogenicity, mutagenicity and gonadotropic properties. To date, not all food additives or their compounds have been studied sufficiently in relation to their impact on the human body. According to the analysis of modern foreign and domestic sources, those substances used in the wide field of food technologies and not having clear indicators on permissible dosage were selected: monosodium glutamate, ponso-4R and sodium nitrite. Data on the effects of long-term consumption of monosodium glutamate, which has a toxic effect on salivary glands, dental tissues, liver, pancreas, colon, female and male reproductive systems, were analyzed. A separate analysis of studies on the combined effect of monosodium glutamate, ponso-4R and sodium nitrite on the liver and organs of the oral cavity was carried out. The results of the study indicate the occurrence of fatty and hydropic dystrophy of hepatocytes, the appearance of "dark hepatocytes" and an increase in the relative amount of the stromal component. Changes are also seen in the salivary and protein mucous glands of the oral cavity. Thus, having analyzed the experimental studies of modern scientists, we have found out that not all food additives allowed to be used in Ukraine are completely safe. Both individual substances and their combinations lead to significant morphological changes in various organs and systems. The impact of dietary supplements on the female and male reproductive systems is remaining one of the least studied areas. Therefore, there is a need for further research in order to minimize disorders of the functions of the reproductive system and infertility.

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Section: актуальні проблеми сучасної медициниunclassified

Morphological Changes in Some Body Organs Under the Impact of Food Additives

Babenko¹,

Starchenko²,

Filenko³

et al. 2022

Act. Probl. of the Modern Med.

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“…They either enhance taste, texture, color, or durability of food (1). Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) is a popular flavor enhancer frequently used in food industry (2). Aside from being used as a food additive, it is also naturally found in many types of food such as cow milk, eggs, cheese, tomatoes, almonds, apple, onion, potato, carrot, garlic and walnut (3,4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prolonged glutamate excitotoxicity leads to oxidative stress mainly through upregulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation and decrease in the antioxidant defense pathways which make the cell more vulnerable to damage and death. Recent studies reported that the oxidative stress status induced by MSG consumption may affect multiple organs such as the brain, liver, kidney, and testis and cause their damage (2,(6)(7)(8). Oxidative stress induced by MSG may be prevented by administration of antioxidants Alexandria Dental Journal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Monosodium Glutamate and Vitamin C on Rat Parotid Gland

Rahman

Younis

Sawa

et al. 2023

Alexandria Dental Journal

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BACKGROUND:Monosodium glutamate is one of the most frequently applied taste enhancers in modern food industry. Long term consumption of high doses of MSG can elevate the oxidative stress mainly through the production of Reactive Oxygen Species and lead to cytotoxicity in multiple tissues in the body. Vitamin C is a well-known potent antioxidant and has been shown to protect various tissues against oxidative stress induced damage. OBJECTIVE: to determine the histological effect of Monosodium glutamate and vitamin C on parotid glands of albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 male adult albino rats were equally divided into 3 groups; control group that received 1 ml distilled water orally once daily, MSG group that received 30 mg/kg bodyweight of Monosodium Glutamate daily and MSG+ Vit C group that received 30 mg/kg bodyweight of MSG followed by 100mg/kg bodyweight of Vitamin C in distilled water daily by oral gavage. After 8 weeks, rats were euthanized, parotid glands were dissected out to be processed for histological examination. RESULTS: Histological examination of parotid of MSG group revealed acinar cells with signs of atrophy and degeneration demonstrated as cytoplasmic vacuolations, pyknotic or apoptotic nuclei. Secretory striated duct showed luminal dilatation and partial loss of basal striations. MSG+ Vit C group showed more preservation of normal architecture of serous acini and ducts. CONCLUSION: MSG produced significant degenerative effects on parotid glands of albino rats and coadministration of vitamin C was effective in protecting gland tissue against MSG-induced damage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Excessive calcium entry into cells causes mitochondrial dysfunction, which raises intracellular nitric oxide levels and promotes cell apoptosis [5]. In vitro, excitotoxicity and cystine transport inhibition-related oxidative stresses have been considered two important mechanisms of glutamate neurotoxicity [6]. If left untreated, excessive glutamate exposure results in membrane depolarization, which can lead to Abbreviations: FBS, fetal bovine serum; GMP, guanosine monophosphate; nNOS, neuronal nitric oxide synthase; NO, nitric oxide; ROS, reactive oxygen species; sGC, soluble guanylate cyclase; TAS, total antioxidant status; TOS, total oxidant status.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the effect of sugammadex on glutamate‐induced neurotoxicity in C6 cell line and the roles played by nitric oxide and oxidative stress pathways

Dırık¹,

Joha

2023

Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma

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This experiment was intended to evaluate the effect of sugammadex on the cytotoxicity induced by glutamate, involving the nitric oxide and oxidative stress pathways. C6 glioma cells were used in the study. Glutamate was given to cells in the glutamate group for 24 h. Sugammadex at different concentrations was given to cells in the sugammadex group for 24 h. Cells in the sugammadex + glutamate group were pre-treated with sugammadex at various concentrations for 1 h and then exposed to glutamate for 24 h. XTT assay was used to assess cell viability. Levels of nitric oxide (NO), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), total antioxidant (TAS), and total oxidant (TOS) in the cells were calculated using commercial kits. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. Sugammadex at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL significantly enhanced the cell viability in C6 cells after the cytotoxicity induced by glutamate ( p < 0.001). Moreover, sugammadex considerably decreased the levels of nNOS NO and TOS and the number of apoptotic cells and increased the level of TAS (p < 0.001). Sugammadex has protective and antioxidant properties on cytotoxicity and could be an effective supplement for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson if further research in vivo supports this claim.

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Monosodium Glutamate Safety, Neurotoxicity and Some Recent Studies

Cited by 8 publications

References 77 publications

Morphological Changes in Some Body Organs Under the Impact of Food Additives

Morphological Changes in Some Body Organs Under the Impact of Food Additives

Effect of Monosodium Glutamate and Vitamin C on Rat Parotid Gland

Investigation of the effect of sugammadex on glutamate‐induced neurotoxicity in C6 cell line and the roles played by nitric oxide and oxidative stress pathways

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