Monovalent Inactivated A/New Jersey/8/76 (Hsw1N1) Vaccine in Healthy Children Aged Three to Five Years

Abstract

Single doses (50, 100, or 200 chick cell-agglutinating [CCA] units) of split-product or whole-virus (50 or 100 CCA units), monovalent inactivated A/New Jersey/8/76 (Hsw1n1) virus vaccine or placebo were given to healthy children aged three to five years in Maryland. Split-product vaccine was nonreactogenic but also virtually nonimmunogenic. Lower doses of whole-virus vaccine (50 CCA units of Merck, Sharp and Dohme [West Point, Pa.] and 50 or 100 CCA units of Merrell-National Laboratories [Cincinnati, Ohio] vaccine) were mildly reactogenic (approximately 25% of the children had low-grade fevers of 100 F-101 F). These dosage levels of whole-virus vaccine stimulated titers of greater than or equal to 1:20 in 68% and titers of greater than or equal to 1:40 in 37% of the children. Two inoculations of whole-virus vaccine (primary immunization followed by a booster one month later) were tolerated and induced titers of greater than or equal to 1:80 in 100% of the children.

Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to Monovalent 2009 Influenza A/H1N1 and Seasonal Trivalent Influenza Vaccines in High-Risk Children

“…This is a significantly lower response rate than that reported in an early pediatric study of H1N1 vaccine immunogenicity, in which 74.5% and 97.1% of 3–11 and 12–17 year old healthy children, respectively, had seroprotective titers 21 days after a single dose of vaccine [21]. However, earlier experiences are consistent with the results of our study; only 34% of healthy children ages 3–5 years had seroprotective antibody responses following a single dose of the killed swine influenza vaccine developed following the 1976 outbreak [22]. Our cohort’s ELISPOT responses to TIV were low compared with those observed in healthy children in our previous study [10] (approximately 30 SFU/10 5 PBMC after a single dose of TIV), although the mean age for healthy children in this prior study was 9.2 years.…”

H5N1 vaccines in humans

“…Later, treatment of whole virus particles with detergents or organic solvents, like ether, allowed the production of disrupted or split-virus vaccines and in the mid 1970s, sub-unit vaccines were produced using techniques to separate viral membrane proteins from the viral core. These vaccines contain only the viral surface proteins, HA and NA, without internal components of the virus and were less reactogenic but also less immunogenic than whole virus vacines (Levine et al, 1977; Wright et al, 1977). …”