Montanide ISA 71 VG is Advantageous to Freund's Adjuvant in Immunization Against S. aureus Infection of Mice

Abstract

The enormous capacity of Staphylococcus aureus to acquire antibiotic resistance makes it a permanent task to search for and to develop new anti-infectives. One of the possible approaches is the early active immunization of risk patients and animal stocks to prevent S. aureus infections. Based on a S. aureus proteome screen with S. aureus-specific human antiserum, we have previously identified several anchorless cell wall proteins to be used as novel vaccine candidates. To develop an efficient anti-S. aureus vaccine, the supplemented adjuvants Montanide TM ISA 71 VG and ISA 206 were compared to Freund's adjuvant in terms of handling, induction of cytokine profile, triggering antigen-specific immunoglobulin production of different IgG subclasses and provision of increased survival rates in our S. aureus sepsis mouse model. Immunization with ISA 71 VG in comparison with Freund's adjuvant induced slightly delayed but comparably strong increase of antigen-specific antibody titres and conferred protective effect against S. aureus challenge. In contrast using ISA 206 as adjuvant, significantly lower IgG titres and consequently, no protective effect against S. aureus infection were observed. Handling and tolerability of the Montanide is superior to Freund's adjuvant. Montanide TM ISA 71 VG can serve as an effective adjuvant replacement for Freund's adjuvant in research with a prospective usage in animal and human vaccines against bacterial pathogens.

Influence of Heterologous and Homologous Vaccines, and Their Components, on the Host Immune Response and Protection Against Experimental Caprine Paratuberculosis

“…Montanide™ adjuvants, as used here, provoke a liposome that protects the inactivated antigen from degradation, driving it to draining lymph nodes through the recruitment of antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes ( 79 ). However, differences in the immune response profiles depending on the type of Montanide™ adjuvant have been reported ( 25 , 81 , 82 ). For instance, the antigen-specific IFN-γ and Map -specific antibody responses elicited by the vaccination of sheep with heat-killed Map 316F strain combined with Montanide™ ISA 50 V 2 were lower than those provoked by vaccination with Gudair® commercial vaccine (Montanide™ ISA 103 and 80) ( 25 ).…”

Immune Polarization Potential of the S. aureus Virulence Factors SplB and GlpQ and Modulation by Adjuvants

“…Montanide was designed to raise the Th1 response and improve IgG production, especially in antigens of low immunogenicity (43). Indeed, Montanide enhanced the production of type 1/3 cytokines, independent of the coadministered antigen, thereby generating an inflammatory environment.…”

“…We prepared recombinant antigens, injected thesewithout adjuvantinto the peritoneum of S. aureus-naïve C57BL/6N mice and evaluated the quality of the immune reaction. To analyze the modulating effects of adjuvants, we applied the same antigens formulated with either the Th2promoting adjuvant Imject ™ Alum (Alum) or the Th1promoting adjuvant Montanide ISA 71 VG (Montanide) (41)(42)(43).…”

Raising antibodies against epoxyscillirosidine, the toxic principle contained in Moraea pallida Bak. (Iridaceae), in rabbits

“…Although effective, Freund's is an adjuvant whose use is limited to animals and in a regulated manner due to its toxicity. However, Montanide adjuvants have been reported to be superior compared to Freund's (Klimka et al, 2015;Lone et al, 2017).…”