Monte Carlo PDF modelling of a turbulent natural-gas diffusion flame

Conditional Moment Closure/Large Eddy Simulation of the Delft-III Natural Gas Non-premixed Jet Flame

“…The CO mass fraction prediction was considered unsatisfactory whatever mixing model is used. Nooren et al [18], Merci et al [15] and Roekaerts et al [22], in their different studies, have also emphasized the importance of an accurate modelling of the pilot flame.…”

“…Several attempts have been conducted to model this flame using RANS formulations and various combustion models, including the transported PDF method with reduced and detailed chemistry [14,15,18,20]. Nooren et al [18] and Merci et al [15] have shown that transported PDF results are strongly dependent on the micro-mixing model used, especially in the case of the temperature PDFs, while Merci et al [15] reported that it was not possible to predict accurately both the RMS of the mixture fraction and the amount of local extinction. The CO mass fraction prediction was considered unsatisfactory whatever mixing model is used.…”

A solution algorithm for the fluid dynamic equations based on a stochastic model for molecular motion

“…The advantage of PDF methods is that both, convection and turbulence-reaction interaction are represented exactly without modeling assumptions [24]. They have successfully been applied in modeling several chemically inert [2,7,21] and reactive [22,18,26] flows. In terms of solution algorithms, particle methods are usually preferred, which is due to the high dimensionality of the PDF transport equation [13,12,25].…”

Soot volume fraction in a piloted turbulent jet non-premixed flame of natural gas

“…Hence, until such approaches are established, there is a need for alternative approaches. One of such approaches is offered by the use of ''Delft Flame III" from the TNF workshop [1], which has been designed and used for model validation [11][12][13]. The Delft burner can be used to produce flames with non-sooting base region, where established techniques can be applied to obtain measurements of interest, followed by a sooting tip region.…”