“…Coupling a kMC model with a FEM for materials processes has previously been used for studying recrystallization in metals, where the FEM calculates deformation of a sample, while the Monte Carlo model simulates grain growth. 29,30,31,32 Using voxel data obtained from, for example, a kMC sintering model, a method has also been developed that uses a finite element approach to determine, for example, tensile stress-strain curves due to failure and damage. 33 A viscoplastic finite element continuum model, coupled with a Monte Carlo model for calculating microstructural strain rates have also been presented.…”