Monte Carlo simulation of secondary neutron dose for scanning proton therapy using FLUKA

Lee, Chaeyeong; Lee, Sang‐Min; Lee, Seungjae; Song, Hajoon; Kim, Dae-Hyun; Cho, Sungkoo; Jo, Kwang Wook; Han, Youngyih; Chung, Yong Hyun; Kim, Jin Sung

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186544

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A Truebeam (Varian Medical Systems) linear accelerator and a proton therapy system (Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd.) were used to study the dose difference caused by metal stents in a photon beam and proton beam, respectively. The virtual machine system completed in previous studies [ 17 – 19 ] was used as the equipment modelling step of the MC calculation. We checked the percent depth dose and dose profile consistency for various energies to validate the MC of the equipment in the previous studies, and used the phase space file that were formatted according to recommendations of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) that confirmed the agreement with a mean error of maximum 0.5%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of dose perturbations for metal stent in photon and proton radiotherapy plans for hepatocellular carcinoma

et al. 2022

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Background The present study aimed to investigate the dosimetric impact of metal stent for photon and proton treatment plans in hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods With computed tomography data of a water-equivalent solid phantom, dose perturbation caused by a metal stent included in the photon and proton treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma was evaluated by comparing Eclipse and RayStation treatment planning system (TPS) to a Monte Carlo (MC) based dose calculator. Photon and proton plans were created with anterior–posterior/posterior-anterior (AP/PA) fields using a 6 MV beam and AP/PA fields of a wobbling beam using 150 MeV and a 10 cm ridge filter. The difference in dose distributions and dosimetric parameters were compared depending on the stent's positions (the bile duct (GB) and intestinal tract (GI)) and angles (0°, 45°, and 90°). Additionally, the dose variation in the target volume including the stent was comparatively evaluated through dose volume histogram (DVH) analysis. And the comparison of clinical cases was carried out in the same way. Results Percentage differences in the dosimetric parameters calculated by MC ranged from − 7.0 to 3.9% for the photon plan and − 33.7 to 4.3% for the proton plan, depending on the angle at which the GB and GI stents were placed, compared to those without the stent. The maximum difference was observed at the minimum dose (Dmin), which was observed in both photon and proton plans in the GB and GI stents deployed at a 90° incidence angle. The parameter differences were greater in the proton plan than in photon plan. The target volume showed various dose variations depending on positions and angles of stent for both beams. Compared with no-stent, the doses within the target volume containing the GI and GB stents for the photon beam were overestimated in the high-dose area at 0°, nearly equal within 1% at 45°, and underestimated at 90°. These doses to the proton beam were underestimated at all angles, and the amount of underdose to the target volume increased with an increase in the stent angle. However, the difference was significantly greater with the proton plan than the photon plan. Conclusions Dose perturbations within the target volume due to the presence of the metal stent were not observed in the TPS calculations for photon and proton beams, but MC was used to confirm that there are dose variations within the target volume. The MC results found that delivery of the treatment beam avoiding the stent was the best method to prevent target volume underdose.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of dose perturbations for metal stent in photon and proton radiotherapy plans for hepatocellular carcinoma

et al. 2022

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“…FLUKA has a plethora of applications in particle physics, large energy physics, material science, trying different substances for shields, building nuclear cameras and optoelectronics, celestial radiation research, [64] calculating and scoring dosage [65], imaging nuclear or radiology, and radiobiology, to mention just some. Hadron therapy is a relatively new field of research [66][67].…”

Section: Flukamentioning

confidence: 99%

Monte Carlo Computational Software and Methods in Radiation Dosimetry

Chatzisavvas¹,

Priniotakis²,

Papoutsidakis³

et al. 2021

AETiC

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The fast developments and ongoing demands in radiation dosimetry have piqued the attention of many software developers and physicists to create powerful tools to make their experiments more exact, less expensive, more focused, and with a wider range of possibilities. Many software toolkits, packages, and programs have been produced in recent years, with the majority of them available as open source, open access, or closed source. This study is mostly focused to present what are the Monte Carlo software developed over the years, their implementation in radiation treatment, radiation dosimetry, nuclear detector design for diagnostic imaging, radiation shielding design and radiation protection. Ten software toolkits are introduced, a table with main characteristics and information is presented in order to make someone entering the field of computational Physics with Monte Carlo, make a decision of which software to use for their experimental needs. The possibilities that this software can provide us with allow us to design anything from an X-Ray Tube to whole LINAC costly systems with readily changeable features. From basic x-ray and pair detectors to whole PET, SPECT, CT systems which can be evaluated, validated and configured in order to test new ideas. Calculating doses in patients allows us to quickly acquire, from dosimetry estimates with various sources and isotopes, in various materials, to actual radiation therapies such as Brachytherapy and Proton therapy. We can also manage and simulate Treatment Planning Systems with a variety of characteristics and develop a highly exact approach that actual patients will find useful and enlightening. Shielding is an important feature not only to protect people from radiation in places like nuclear power plants, nuclear medical imaging, and CT and X-Ray examination rooms, but also to prepare and safeguard humanity for interstellar travel and space station missions. This research looks at the computational software that has been available in many applications up to now, with an emphasis on Radiation Dosimetry and its relevance in today's environment.

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“…Secondary neutron production is a major challenge in passive scattering delivery [31]- [33]. The problem is more severe than single scattering mainly due to the inclusion of the second scatterer as a source of secondary neutrons [31,32].…”

Section: Secondary Neutron Dosementioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of an optimal GATE model for double scattering proton beam delivery

Piruzan

Vosoughi

Mahani³

2021

J. Inst.

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Proton therapy (PT) is an emerging external beam radiation therapy characterized by superior dose distribution compared to conventional modalities. In the present study, an optimal GATE model was developed and then validated for a double scattering proton nozzle based on the previously constructed model. To this aim, a double scattering treatment nozzle was modeled in the GATE platform. To accelerate the GATE simulations, a virtual range modulation wheel (vRMW) and a variance reduction technique (VRT) were implemented. Proton beam flatness, symmetry, and delivery efficiency, secondary neutron dose, and dosimetric performance were characterized through a set of GATE simulations. The findings show that range cutoff value of 0.075 mm provides the best compromise between the simulation accuracy and speed for the simulated geometry. A proton beam flatness of 98.6% was observed at the downstream of the aperture for a 7 × 7 cm2 field size. The beam flatness deteriorates at the edge of the treatment field for the single scattering model while it remains approximately constant for the double scattering one. In comparison to the single scattering delivery, the second scattering model results in a 1.28 times increase in neutron dose for the nickel, as the optimal collimator/aperture material. Furthermore, a flat beam modulation width of 3.50 cm is formed with a distal edge at 7.86 cm in water using both GATE and MCNPX codes. The GATE model agreed with the MCNPX results with a maximum difference of ±6.3% in absorbed dose estimation. The findings demonstrate that the constructed GATE model of double scattering proton nozzle results in a fast and accurate simulation of passive scattering PT.

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Monte Carlo simulation of secondary neutron dose for scanning proton therapy using FLUKA

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Assessment of dose perturbations for metal stent in photon and proton radiotherapy plans for hepatocellular carcinoma

Assessment of dose perturbations for metal stent in photon and proton radiotherapy plans for hepatocellular carcinoma

Monte Carlo Computational Software and Methods in Radiation Dosimetry

Development and validation of an optimal GATE model for double scattering proton beam delivery

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