Monte Carlo Simulation of the Dose Rate Distribution of a Moroccan Panoramic Gamma Irradiator Using the MCNPX Code

A gamma radiation exposure risk assessment using Monte Carlo simulation and an adult anthropomorphic phantom

“…[8][9][10] By code Geant4, we simulate the dose absorbed by the whole body, then, by using relation (1) we calculate the absorbed dose rate, where A is the total activity of the source rods, N is the number of particles generated, the factor 2 is to take into account that at each disintegration of cobalt-60 there is emission of two gamma particles with respectively equal energies of 1173 and 1332 keV. [4]…”

“…Also they are found in industrial, semi-industrial and research fields etc. [1] Through the routine use of ionizing radiation sources, accidents and nuclear or radiological incidents can occur, due either to a technical problem, an inattention of an operator, or the unconsciousness of victims or others, which can cause exposure to ionizing radiation to the human body. The severity of these exposures depends on several factors such as the types of ionizing radiation involved, exposure time, body-source distance, sensitivity of the target (organs and tissues), the activity of the sources and the age of victim etc.…”

Use of gamma irradiation for decorative coloring of glass in the Moroccan NIAR facility

“…Morocco is among the most usable African countries for ionizing radiation in several activities, for example in medicine, ionizing radiation (x and gamma) is used in radiology and in radiotherapy to diagnose and treat cancer(gammaknife technique for example), also in nuclear medicine radioactive elements are injected into the human body (radiopharmaceuticals) for treatment and diagnosis (thyroid cancer with radioactive iod-123). [2][3][4][5][6] In addition to medicine, ionizing radiation is used in the industrial field in several applications such as electron beam welding or Checking the homogeneity of a metal generally using Iridium 192 (gamma radiography). The applications of ionizing radiation extend to a very important and sensitive area for the Moroccan economy which is agriculture, for this a gamma irradiator has been installed since 1995 at the National Institute of Agronomic Research (NIAR) in the city of Tangier, is considered unique in Morocco, since its installation there was several researches in this field, for the preservation of food, inhibition of germination, production of new varieties etc, indeed several products have been irradiated like sensitive oils, dried figs, strawberries, oranges, and all with the aim of progressing and developing Moroccan agriculture and increasing production yield.…”

Radiation protection study for a reloading operation of cobalt 60 sources in the Moroccan ionisation station using the GEANT4 Monte-Carlo simulation code

“…Thanks to its reliability and efficiency in dosimetric calculations [1], the Monte-Carlo simulation succeeded in solving many dosimetry and radiation protection problems for ionization stations around the world [2][3][4][5]. The Moroccan ionization station also takes advantage of this method to control the dose distribution in the irradiation cell, these studies carried out by Aknouch [6] and Elouardi [7]. Another Monte Carlo study was carried out by Aknouch [8] to improve the irradiation technique by predicting the packaging of the products in order to obtain a better dose homogeneity.…”

“…The Moroccan ionization station also takes advantage of this method to control the dose distribution in the irradiation cell, these studies carried out by Aknouch [6] and Elouardi [7]. Another Monte Carlo study was carried out by Aknouch [8] to improve the irradiation technique by predicting the packaging of the products in order to obtain a better dose homogeneity.…”