Monte Carlo simulation of transport from an electrothermal vaporizer

Electrothermal vaporization for sample introduction in atomic absorption, atomic emission and plasma mass spectrometry—a critical review with focus on solid sampling and slurry analysis

“…Holcombe and Ertas obtained similar conclusions by means of Monte Carlo simulations. 71 Sparks et al 72 also studied the particle size distribution of samples transported from ETV to ICP-MS and concluded that heating rates, gas flow and transport tubing length did not provide any major alteration in number of particles or size distribution. Fonseca et al 73 found that the analyte transport efficiency was improved by using oxygen ashing in the presence of Pd modifier to eliminate organic matrix components in slurry analysis of biological samples.…”

A compact electrothermal-flame tandem atomizer for highly sensitive atomic fluorescence spectrometry

“…The major problem with current ETV sample introduction techniques is sample loss arising from the presence of transportation interface (mainly a transportation tube). [17][18][19][20][21] The transport efficiency is about 26-57% only, even using an improved graphite furnace ETV device. 22 The studies of ETV 7,23,24 suggest that the transport efficiency should accrue as a result of reduction of the transportation tube.…”

Atomic spectrometry update. Atomic mass spectrometry

“…Monte Carlo simulations, developed to model analyte transport from an electrothermal vaporizer to an ICP, showed that gas and aerosol transport were distinguished by the pronounced, long-lived signal after the transient peak produced by aerosol transport. 103 Experimental results for Cu from a multi-element solution measured by ETV-ICP-TOFMS were well predicted by the aerosol transport model but the prolonged signal was not as longlived as in the simulation. Most analyte loss (60%) was accounted for in the simulations by condensation on to the cooled graphite end cone.…”