Monte Carlo treatment of hadronic interactions in enhanced Pomeron scheme: QGSJET-II model

Ostapchenko, S.

doi:10.1103/physrevd.83.014018

Cited by 930 publications

(876 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Their water-Cherenkov type SD could count the number of muons in EAS, and was observed the surplus muon on the ground [12]. While the numbers of electro-magnetic component agreed with the prediction of the hadron interaction models, 33% more muons were detected than predicted by the EPOS-LHC [13] and 60% more were detected than predicted by the QGSJET II-04 [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Air Shower Development and Hadron Production at Very Forward Region

Sakurai

2018

Proceedings of 2016 International Conference on Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR2016)

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Whereas muon in extensive air shower is an observable sensitive to the primary composition and to the hadron interaction properties, the discrepancy between measured and estimated values has not been solved. Using the new data of forward hadron from an accelerator experiment, a hadron interaction model (QGSJET II-04) is modified. Air shower simulation with the modified interaction model produces more muons. The increased muons concentrate around the shower core and the number density of secondary particle far from core does not change much.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Air Shower Development and Hadron Production at Very Forward Region

Sakurai

2018

Proceedings of 2016 International Conference on Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR2016)

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“…The variance of the logarithmic masses is almost constant until 10 18.3 eV and then starts to decrease. ⟨ln A⟩ shows reasonable results for both interaction models over the whole energy range, but the σ 2 (ln A) values derived from QGSJetII-04 [5] for energies > 10 18.4 eV become negative, which is unphysical and could indicate some tension between the measured data and the theoretical interaction model. However, the current systematic uncertainties do not allow any strong claims concerning the interaction model predictions.…”

Section: Average Atmospheric Depth Of Maximum Shower Developmentmentioning

confidence: 87%

Measurements of the Mass Composition of UHECRs with the Pierre Auger Observatory

Plum

2018

Proceedings of 2016 International Conference on Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR2016)

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As a hybrid cosmic ray detector, the Pierre Auger Observatory can measure the longitudinal air shower development with the fluorescence detector, and the lateral distribution of particles reaching the ground with the surface detector. We report on the measurements of the first two moments of the X max distribution measured as a function of energy with the fluorescence detector and convert them to ⟨ln A⟩ and σ(ln A). This conversion depends on the adopted hadronic interaction model. To obtain an almost model-independent estimation of dispersion of primary masses σ(ln A) near the 'ankle' we use the correlation between X max and the signal in the water-Cherenkov stations at 1000 m from the shower core S(1000). The correlation analysis is robust with respect to uncertainties in hadronic models and to experimental systematic uncertainties. The observed correlation between X max and S(1000) differs significantly from expectations for pure primary compositions and is well described by a mixed composition with σ(ln A) > 1.0.

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“…In the energy range, the composition of the primary cosmic rays is consistent with proton within statistical and systematic errors by X max measurement using the TA FD [6][7][8][9], thus we use the MC for proton primaries. The experimental data is compared with the MC using the hadronic models QGSJET II-03, QGSJET II-04 [10], Epos 1.99 [11] and Sibyll 2.1 [12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of Muons in Extensive Air Showers from Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays Observed with the Telescope Array Surface Detector

Takeishi

Sagawa

Fukushima

et al. 2018

Proceedings of 2016 International Conference on Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR2016)

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The number of muons in the air shower induced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) has been measured with surface detector (SD) arrays of various experiments. Monte Carlo (MC) prediction of the number of muons in air showers depends on hadronic interaction models and the primary cosmic ray composition. By comparing the measured number of muons with the MC prediction, hadronic interaction models can be tested. The Pierre Auger Observatory reported that the number of muons measured by water Cherenkov type SD is about 1.8 times larger than the MC prediction for proton with QGSJET II-03 model. The number of muons in the Auger data is also larger than the MC prediction for iron. The Telescope Array experiment adopts plastic scintillator type SD, which is sensitive to the electromagnetic component that is the major part of secondary particles in the air shower. To search for the high muon purity condition in air showers observed by the TA, we divided air shower events into subsets by the zenith angle θ, the azimuth angle ϕ relative to the shower arrival direction projected onto the ground, and the distance R from shower axis. As a result, we found subsets with the high muon purity ∼65%, and compared the charge density between observed data and MC. The typical ratios of the charge density of the data to that of the MC are 1.71 ± 0.10 at 1870 m < R < 2150 m and 3.24 ± 0.40 at 2850 m < R < 3280 m. The difference in the charge density between the data and the MC is larger at the higher muon purity. These results imply that the excess of the charge density in the data is partly explained by the muon excess.

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Monte Carlo treatment of hadronic interactions in enhanced Pomeron scheme: QGSJET-II model

Cited by 930 publications

References 63 publications

Air Shower Development and Hadron Production at Very Forward Region

Air Shower Development and Hadron Production at Very Forward Region

Measurements of the Mass Composition of UHECRs with the Pierre Auger Observatory

Studies of Muons in Extensive Air Showers from Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays Observed with the Telescope Array Surface Detector

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