Montmorillonite alignment induced by magnetic field: Evidence based on the diffusion anisotropy of water molecules

Anisotropic ionic conduction in composite polymer electrolytes filled with clays oriented by a strong magnetic field

“…-P 10 Li in Figure 2c showed a decrease in the meridian intensity and an increase in the equator intensity, which indicate a perpendicular orientation of the MMT layers to the film surface. Such orientations caused by the magnetic field have already been reported as Na-MMT 27 and other layered silicates [22][23][24] (for example, kaolinite, talc and sericite) in aqueous suspension systems. These results clearly suggest that the MMT layers can preferentially orient along the direction of an applied magnetic field in a polymer electrolyte.…”

A periodic DFT study of adsorption of water on sodium-montmorillonite (001) basal and (010) edge surface

“…A lot of experimental studies by XRD [11,12], IR [13,14], and NMR [15,16] have been done to understand the hydration of montmorillonite. The research results showed that hydration properties of montmorillonite may be linked to the type and level of isomorphous replacements, the property of their associated exchangeable cations, as well as the nature of ambient aqueous solutions.…”

MRI profiles over very wide concentration ranges: Application to swelling of a bentonite clay

“…Water self-diffusion [8,9] and its anisotropy [10,11] in clay suspensions have also been studied. We also note that MRI has been previously applied to observe the kinetics of moisture gradient in a bentonite clay in contact with water reservoir [12], albeit in a much narrower range of accessed clay concentrations.…”