Montmorillonite/carbon nanocomposites prepared from sucrose for catalytic applications

Clay mineral adsorbents for heavy metal removal from wastewater: a review

“…spacing of the prepared montmorillonite/carbon increased to ~ 15.06 from ~ 12.3 of montmorillonite, which indicates that subtracting the thickness of one smectite layer (9.6 Å), the remaining interlayer distance of clay was 5.1 Å. Moreover, the results confirm that the clay interlayers should be inserted by a few carbon clusters (~5 Å in size) (Anadao et al 2011).…”

Biomass derived palygorskite–carbon nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterisation and affinity to dye compounds

“…Among the various clay modifications, anchoring of carbonaceous materials, which are abundant in oxygen-containing groups and exist on the surface of solid adsorbents such as clay minerals, has emerged as a new class of adsorbent for contaminant removal (Anadão et al, 2011(Anadão et al, , 2014Chen et al, 2011;Kumar et al, 2011;Ai and Li, 2013). Clay minerals or zeolite can act as a uniform dispersion medium for nano-sized carbon particles and thus ideally help improve the composite's reactivity to target pollutant compounds (Katsuki et al, 2005;Anadão et al, 2011;Wu et al, 2014).…”

“…Clay minerals or zeolite can act as a uniform dispersion medium for nano-sized carbon particles and thus ideally help improve the composite's reactivity to target pollutant compounds (Katsuki et al, 2005;Anadão et al, 2011;Wu et al, 2014). Uniform dispersion of carbon nanoparticles onto a suitable support is required in order to apply the composite under in situ conditions.…”

“…This can refer, for example, to the remediation of contaminated ground water because such a composite largely prevents: (a) nanoparticle agglomeration; and (b) unwanted displacement from the target site. Other high end applications of carbon-clay mineral materials include catalysis, biocatalyst support, adsorbents for chromatography and haemosorbents in medicine (Anadão et al, 2011).…”

From used montmorillonite to carbon monolayer–montmorillonite nanocomposites

“…After calcining at high temperature (e.g., 400-900°C) under the protection of N 2 , the intercalated polymer can be transformed into carbon monolayer within the interlayer spaces of Mt (Bakandritsos et al, 2004(Bakandritsos et al, , 2005Bandosz et al, 1994Bandosz et al, , 1996Xu et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2012). The resulting carbon monolayer-Mt nanocomposites themselves show special physicochemical properties and applications (Anadão et al, 2011;Bakandritsos et al, 2004Bakandritsos et al, , 2005Zhang et al, 2012), and can be used for synthesizing derivative nanomaterials as well (Xu et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2012). For example, 2D graphene-like nanomaterials can be obtained by removing Mt layers (Xu et al, 2013).…”