Montmorillonite-Famotidine/Chitosan Bio-nanocomposite Hydrogels as a Mucoadhesive/Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System

Abstract

: The main purpose of the present study was to fabricate mucoadhesive bio-nanocomposite hydrogels to prolong the drug retention time in the stomach. In these bio-nanocomposite hydrogels, chitosan (CH) was used as a bioadhesive matrix, montmorillonite (MMT) was applied to modulate the release rate, and tripolyphosphate (TPP) was the cross-linking agent. The test samples were analyzed via different methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Drug incorporation efficacy and mucoadhesive strength of these nanocomposite hydrogel beads were studied. Swelling and in vitro drug release behaviors of these bio-nanocomposite hydrogels were evaluated in simulated gastric fluid (SGF; pH 1.2). The optimized MMT-famotidine (FMT)/CH bio-nanocomposite hydrogels displayed a controllable and sustainable drug release profile with suitable mucoadhesion and prolonged retention time in the stomach. Thus, the results demonstrated that the fabricated mucoadhesive bio-nanocomposite hydrogels could remarkably increase the therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability of FMT by the oral route.

Recent Development of Functional Chitosan-Based Hydrogels for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications

“…The properties of the hydrogel, such as swelling behavior, viscosity, and elasticity, can be tailored to control the release rate of the drug, allowing for the precise delivery of the therapeutic agents to the desired site. To deliver drugs to the stomach, chitosan has been employed as bioadhesive beads to improve drug retention in the stomach [8]. These beads contain amino groups, which give them a positive charge, leading to strong interactions with negatively charged gastric mucus, enabling them to adhere to the mucosal surface of the stomach.…”

“…To deliver drugs to the stomach, chitosan has been employed as bioadhesive beads to improve drug retention in the stomach [ 8 ]. These beads contain amino groups, which give them a positive charge, leading to strong interactions with negatively charged gastric mucus, enabling them to adhere to the mucosal surface of the stomach.…”

“…It is produced by the deacetylation reaction of chitin, which is found in the skeletal structure of crustaceans, insects, mushrooms, and the cell wall of fungi [ 7 ]. Chitosan is a versatile natural polymer containing plenty of amino groups, making it hydrophilic, cationic, and reactive, facilitating functional modification, biomolecule encapsulation, muco-adhesiveness [ 8 , 9 ], and adjuvanticity [ 10 ]. Moreover, chitosan has anti-cancer effects by inhibiting the upregulated programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression induced by interferon γ in various tumors via the adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation [ 11 ].…”

Chitosan-Based Composites: Development and Perspective in Food Preservation and Biomedical Applications

“…This technique creates a porous structure that enables the medicine to be released under regulated conditions; the release rate is based on the size and distribution of the pores inside the composite. Chitosan has been used as bioadhesive beads to increase drug retention in the stomach while delivering medications to the stomach [145]. Chitosan hydrogels can be used as cancer therapy tools to deliver specific drugs.…”

Nanomaterials: An Improvised Drug Delivery System through the Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System

“…These dosage forms have a polymer pore size less than 100 µm, which rapidly causes swelling of the polymer, which is one of the primary properties of this formulation, as delayed swelling may lead to premature evacuation of the dosage form [16,17].…”