“…These languages can, therefore, be seen as Domain Specific Modeling (DSM) languages for specifying formal models about instructional designs such as learning scenarios. Some approaches that the MDE paradigm applies were found in the literature: the Learning Design Language (LDL) language [35], a domainspecific language to model collaborative learning activities; the Instructional Modeling Language (IML) [36], a modeling language that is aimed to teach MDE at the university level; the Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) Authoring Tool (MOOCAT) [37,38], based on Business Processing Modeling Notation (BPMN) (https://www.bpmn.org/, accessed on 11 March 2021), a visual authoring tool for conceiving pedagogical scenarios in a simple way through graphical representation; the CaVa DSL [39], aiming the generation of Virtual Learning Spaces for the use of the responsible of institutional archives or museums; INDIeAuthor [40], which allows authors with no programming knowledge to produce rich digital content for online publication, similar to that of the most common Learning Management Systems (LMS) such as Moodle (https://moodle.org/, accessed on 11 March 2021); or two EMLs such as PoEML [41], a process-oriented EML, and the [42] approach, an activity-oriented proposal based on Physics of Notations (PoN) [43]. Nonetheless, similar to works presented in the first lines of this section, none of them offers an adequate support to collaborative aspects such as awareness, nor to aspects related to the usability during the development of the learning tools or scenarios (neither technological nor pedagogical).…”