Mood, cognition and serotonin transporter availability in current and former ecstasy (MDMA) users

Thomasius, Rainer; Petersen, Kay Uwe; Buchert, Ralph; Andresen, Burghard; Zapletalova, P.; Wartberg, Lutz; Nebeling, B.; Schmoldt, A.

doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1383-9

Cited by 171 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Additionally, our finding that former ecstasy users had a high prevalence of current major depression (whereas there is no difference between current ecstasy users and lifetime non-users in the prevalence of current major depression) may be indicative of long-term adverse effects of ecstasy use. Laboratory studies have indicated that psychological well-being may be impaired and depressive symptoms reported up to 2.5 years after the cessation of heavy ecstasy use (De Win et al, 2004;Gerra et al, 2000;MacInnes et al, 2001;Thomasius et al, 2003Thomasius et al, , 2005Verheyden et al, 2003b). However, our finding that the prevalence of depression is not elevated in current ecstasy users warrants further investigation into a possible delayed effect of ecstasy on a full-spectrum depression diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Past 12-month and lifetime comorbidity and poly-drug use of ecstasy users among young adults in the United States: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Keyes

Martins

Hasin

2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background-Ecstasy use is prevalent among young people and often co-occurs with other drug use, but little is known about the past 12-month and lifetime psychiatric comorbidity and specific additional drug abuse among young adult ecstasy users in the general population. To provide this information, we compared current ecstasy users to former users, other illicit drug users, and nonillicit drug users.Method-Data were gathered in a face-to-face survey of the United States conducted in the 2001-2002. Participants were household and group quarters residents aged 18-29 years (n = 8666). We measured current ecstasy use defined as any use in the past year; former ecstasy use as use prior to the past year only; other lifetime drug use included any drug other than ecstasy; lifetime non-illicit drug use as no illicit drug use. Associations were determined for nine other classes of illicit drugs, eight personality disorders, and seven mood and anxiety disorders.Results-Of current ecstasy users, 44% used >3 other classes of illicit drugs in the past year, compared to 1.6% of non-ecstasy drug users. Current ecstasy use was associated with current anxiety (OR = 3.7), specifically panic disorder (OR = 7.7) and specific phobia (OR = 4.1), also alcohol abuse (OR = 21.6) and dependence (OR = 4.1) and any personality disorder (OR = 5.1) compared to non-illicit drug users.Conclusions-Results indicate important differences in comorbidities of current and former ecstasy users compared to other drug users and lifetime non-illicit drug users that may affect

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Past 12-month and lifetime comorbidity and poly-drug use of ecstasy users among young adults in the United States: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Keyes

Martins

Hasin

2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…However, in Australia a significant proportion of drugs sold as ecstasy contain other psychoactive substances as well as or instead of MDMA; most often methylamphetamine and ketamine ([Australian Crime Commission, 2007] and [Fowler et al, in press]). Uncertainty regarding the contents of tablets sold as ecstasy complicates interpretation of the sequalae of ecstasy use, however a number of authors have pointed to seritonergic alterations to explain associations between ecstasy use and both cognition and affect ( [Parrott, 2001], [Parrott et al, 2000] and [Thomasius et al, 2003]). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways to ecstasy use in young adults: Anxiety, depression or behavioural deviance?

Alati¹,

Kinner²,

Hayatbakhsh³

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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AimsTo investigate pathways to ecstasy use disorders from pre-birth to early adulthood with particular attention to the relationship between early depressive and anxiety symptoms and later ecstasy use disorders. DesignProspective, longitudinal, population-based study started in Brisbane, South East Queensland (Australia) in 1981. Participants were 2143 young adults, followed up from pre-birth to young adulthood. MeasurementsEcstasy use disorders were assessed with the composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI-Auto). Maternal socio-economic position and mental health status were assessed at baseline (antenatal visit); maternal substance use was measured at the 5-year follow-up, adolescents' behaviour at the 5-and 14-year follow-up and tobacco and alcohol use were assessed at the 14-year follow-up. FindingsEight syndrome scales of childhood behaviour were examined. After adjustment for important confounders, delinquent and aggressive behaviour in early adolescence remained significantly associated with ecstasy use disorders in early adulthood. The associations became statistically non-significant when adolescent tobacco and alcohol use were included in the model [OR = 1.50 (95%CI = 0.75, 3.01) for delinquency and OR = 1.69 (95%CI = 0.92, 3.12) for aggression]. Formal mediation tests were statistically significant (p = 0.001 for delinquent behaviour and p = 0.05 for aggressive behaviour). ConclusionsOur findings suggest a pathway from early deviant behaviour to ecstasy use disorders, possibly mediated through licit drug experimentation in early adolescence.

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“…There is also evidence that the popular recreational drug ecstasy (3,4-methelenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA) causes damage to the 5-HT axons both in animals (eg Hatzidimitriou et al, 1999;Ricaurte et al, 2000) and humans (Gerra et al, 1998;Kish et al, 2000). The use of ecstasy is associated with decreased memory function and increased symptoms of depression (Parrott, 2000;Verbaten, 2003; Thomasius et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of [123I]β-CIT SPECT to Assess Serotonin Transporters In Vivo in Humans: a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study with the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Citalopram

Win

Habraken

Reneman

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Mood, cognition and serotonin transporter availability in current and former ecstasy (MDMA) users

Cited by 171 publications

References 52 publications

Past 12-month and lifetime comorbidity and poly-drug use of ecstasy users among young adults in the United States: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Past 12-month and lifetime comorbidity and poly-drug use of ecstasy users among young adults in the United States: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Pathways to ecstasy use in young adults: Anxiety, depression or behavioural deviance?

Validation of [123I]β-CIT SPECT to Assess Serotonin Transporters In Vivo in Humans: a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study with the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Citalopram

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