“…Session material has been based on a variety of sources relevant to patients with dual diagnosis (e.g., Mueser, Noordsy, Drake, & Fox, 2003;Velasquez, Maurer, Crouch, & DiClemente, 2001), taking into account gender-specifi c differences. This programme includes the link for women between substance misuse and childhood abuse (physical, sexual and emotional) (Hawkings & Gilbert, 2004), that mood state may infl uence cravings in distinct ways according to gender (Willner, Field, Pitts, & Reeve, 1998), and that there are gender differences in physical and psychiatric co-morbidities and metabolisms (Zilberman, Tavares, Blume, & El-Guebaly, 2002).…”