Mood disturbance fails to resolve across 31 days of cigarette abstinence in women.

Gilbert, David G.; McClernon, F. Joseph; Rabinovich, Norka E.; Plath, Louisette C.; Masson, Carmen L.; Anderson, Allison E.; Sly, Kaye

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.70.1.142

Cited by 98 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Given that neuroticism heightens negative mood states during short-term abstinence (Breslau, Kilbey, & Andreski, 1992;Gilbert et al, 1998;Gilbert et al, 2002), but typically does not have an effect on positive mood states measured by POMS vigor scores (Gilbert et al, 1998), one might expect that temporary abstinence effects could influence the present findings during the 2-hr testing period. Contrary to this supposition, however, low levels of positive affect rather than elevated negative affect influenced the relationship between neuroticism and nicotine dependence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

The influence of personality and affect on nicotine dependence among male college students

McChargue

Cohen

Cook

2004

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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Many clinicians and researchers hypothesize that tobacco use disorders, regardless of the route of administration, are maintained by the ability of nicotine to regulate positive and negative mood states. The present study (N~137) examined whether certain mood states predicted dependence on either cigarettes or smokeless tobacco and whether specific personality characteristics (e.g., extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism) mediated these relationships among young male college students. Results indicated that positive and negative moods predicted cigarette dependence (p values~.01) and that neuroticism partially mediated the relationship between positive affect and cigarette dependence. Exploratory analyses revealed that positive affect also interacted with neuroticism to predict smokeless tobacco dependence (p~.04). Simple effects analyses revealed that this relationship was maintained only among individuals high in neuroticism. Results suggested that dependence on cigarettes and smokeless tobacco among male college students may have different affective correlates and that certain personality characteristics may enhance and explain the effects of mood on tobacco dependence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

The influence of personality and affect on nicotine dependence among male college students

McChargue

Cohen

Cook

2004

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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“…The intensity of these symptoms peaks within the first three days (Ward et al 2001) and may not resolve even after 30 days of abstinence (Gilbert et al, 2002). It is possible that these mood alterations are particularly pronounced among smokers who are high in trait anger.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, smokers who experience anger situations are likely to increase their smoking behaviors (Jamner et al 1999;Kalman 2002;Kenford et al 2002). However, the extent to which negative affect influences smoking behavior is highly variable between individuals and is influenced by various situational factors (Gilbert 1995;Abrams et al 1988;Gilbert et al 2002;Hughes et al 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anger and psychobiological changes during smoking abstinence and in response to acute stress: Prediction of smoking relapse

Al’Absi

Carr

Bongard

2007

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Nicotine may be used to manage negative emotions, and recent research suggests that smokers with high levels of hostility may use cigarettes to cope with anger provoking situations. This study evaluated the extent to which a high level of trait anger is associated with risk for relapse among smokers interested in cessation. Chronic smokers with different levels of trait anger provided reports of withdrawal symptoms, craving, and state anger, and collected saliva samples for cortisol during 24-hour ad libitum smoking and the first 24-hour abstinence period of a quit attempt. They also attended a laboratory session conducted after the 24-hour abstinence during which they performed brief mental and social stress challenges and provided blood samples for adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol assays. High trait anger was associated with greater increases in state anger, withdrawal symptoms, and craving during the first 24 hour of abstinence. It was also associated with greater ACTH concentrations during the laboratory session. High trait anger was also associated with increased risk for early relapse. The findings support the hypothesis that smokers high in anger trait may have greater mood difficulties during abstinence and may be more vulnerable to early relapse than smokers with low anger trait.

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“…12 There is strong evidence that nicotine reduces emotions of stress and anger because deprivation causes increases in feelings of anger and stress, despite whether they are amplified by other distressing withdrawal symptoms. 13 Several different interacting models, such as a direct effects mechanism (opioid and reward pathway models) and moderator (restoration of homeostasis model) and mediator effects [situation by trait adaptive response (STAR) model] have been investigated to explain the relation between nicotine, stress, and anger. 14 -18 Despite all the evidence concerning the relationship between smoking, anger, and stress, the effect of this relationship on relapse is not well documented.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an Anger Management and Stress Control Program on Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Yalçın

Ünal

Pirdal

et al. 2014

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a cognitive behavioral therapy-oriented anger management and stress control program on smokers' quit rates.Methods: Of 2348 smokers, 350 were randomly allocated into study and control groups (n ‫؍‬ 175 each). An individualized therapy cessation technique was selected for each participant (combination of behavioral counseling, nicotine replacement therapy, and/or pharmacotherapy). The participants in the control group attended a standard quit program, whereas the study group also received an additional 5-session (90 minutes each) cognitive behavioral therapy-oriented program aimed at improving their anger and stress coping skills. At the beginning of the study, both groups were asked to complete the Trait Anger Scale (TAS) of the State and Trait Anger Scale and the Self-Confident (SCS) and Hopeless (HS) subscales of the Stress Coping Styles Inventory; pretest smoking status of both groups and their coping skills were compared with each other as soon as the program ended (post-test results) and after 3 and 6 months (first and second follow-up tests).Results: Although there was no difference between pretest scores on the TAS (P ‫؍‬ .234), SCS (P ‫؍‬ .130), and HS (P ‫؍‬ .148) subscales, post-test results indicate that the study groups' TAS and HS scores decreased and SCS scores increased (P < .001), whereas there was no change in the control group (P > .05). The study group had a better quit level after 6 months compared with the control group (44% vs 27.4%; P < .001). The anger management and stress control program was found to have a significant effect on cessation (odds ratio, 2.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.14 -3.85). The importance and effectiveness of primary care interventions in preventing smoking are well known. Conclusion 1As part of health promotion activities, one priority has been to increase the success rates of smoking cessation.2,3 However, up to 75% of smokers start to smoke again within 6 months, even though they receive behavioral support, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), or drugs (bupropion or varenicline). 4 Many studies have been performed to understand the interacting physiological and psychological factors involved in relapse.5 Some sociodemographic risk factors (sex, education level, marital status, living alone, and income) have been identified. Nicotine-a very potent psychological and neurological stimulant that influences behaviors, emotions, and mood-is implicated as the main factor responsible for initiation, maintenance, and relapse in terms of smoking. [6][7][8][9] In recent years a strong relation between anger, stress, and smoking has been noticed. 10,11 Smokers report that they smoke more when they are stressed, angry, anxious, or sad and that they expect that smoking will alleviate these negative moods. 12 There is strong evidence that nicotine reduces emotions of stress and anger because deprivation causes increases in feelings of anger and stress, despite whether they are amplified by other distressing wit...

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Mood disturbance fails to resolve across 31 days of cigarette abstinence in women.

Cited by 98 publications

References 37 publications

The influence of personality and affect on nicotine dependence among male college students

The influence of personality and affect on nicotine dependence among male college students

Anger and psychobiological changes during smoking abstinence and in response to acute stress: Prediction of smoking relapse

Effects of an Anger Management and Stress Control Program on Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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