Mood induced cognitive and emotional reactivity, life stress, and the prediction of depressive relapse

Cognitive reactivity, self-depressed associations, and the recurrence of depression

“…The present pattern of findings may also help explain the mixed findings of previous studies between CR and the recurrence of depression (Segal et al, 2006;Kuyken et al, 2010;Lethbridge and Allen, 2008;van Rijsbergen et al, 2013). Since the number of previous episodes was not taken into account in these studies, patients with only one depressive episode and/or patients with many (more than two) episodes may have been overrepresented.…”

“…Previous studies have typically used a mood induction procedure in the lab (Segal et al, 2006;Kuyken et al, 2010;Lethbridge and Allen, 2008;van Rijsbergen et al, 2013), whereas the current study relied on the LEIDS scales. The LEIDS asks people to rate their habitual tendency to make more dysfunctional inferences when their mood deteriorates.…”

“…High CR may also increase the risk of recurrence of depression and two studies using mood induction procedures have shown CR to be a significant predictor of recurrence over periods of 15 and 18 months after remission (Segal et al, 2006;Kuyken et al, 2010). However, two other studies, failed to find a similar relationship between CR and recurrence/return of symptoms (Lethbridge and Allen, 2008;van Rijsbergen et al, 2013). Unfortunately, the number of previous episodes was not taken into consideration in any of these studies.…”

Higher chronic psychological stress is associated with blunted affective responses to strenuous resistance exercise: RPE, pleasure, pain

“…However, exposing individuals reporting higher levels of chronic stress to acute psychological perturbations in the laboratory (e.g., mental arithmetic, exposure to very sad and gloomy music, recall of previous negative life events) results in differential outcomes. Interestingly, chronic stress may be related to lower (blunted) acute stress reactivity (Allen, Bocek, & Burch, 2011;Lethbridge & Allen, 2008). A recent review from Lovallo (2013) concludes that chronic stress, particularly cumulative adverse life event stress, may dysregulate cardiovascular stress reactivity in either direction: exaggerated or blunted.…”

Mood reactivity rather than cognitive reactivity is predictive of depressive relapse: A randomized study with 5.5-year follow-up.

“…Several studies have found support for the prediction of relapse by cognitive reactivity after remission from MDD (233 patients; Kuyken et al, 2010;Segal, Gemar, & Williams, 1999;Segal et al, 2006). Though, one recent study found no evidence for cognitive reactivity in patients remitted from MDD (Jarrett et al, 2012), whereas Lethbridge and Allen (2008) were unable to corroborate the predictive validity of cognitive reactivity (52 patients). Unfortunately methodological constraints limit the interpretation of these results.…”