The chapter explores the research done so far on neuropsychological deficits in major depressive disorder (MDD). The most prominent deficits have been reported in executive function and the cognitive control networks. These deficits have also been shown to affect various cognitive aspects of a patient, such as metacognitions and emotional regulation. They are also predictors of socio-occupational functioning and of recovering and relapse in patients. This makes it pertinent that these newer treatments for MDD account for these deficits and work on ameliorating them for long-term gains.