Mood Patterns Based on Momentary Assessment of Positive and Negative Moods Over a Day and Coronary Artery Calcification in the CARDIA Study

Abstract

Objective: Retrospective assessments of negative mood have predicted coronary artery disease development and progression. Using momentary assessment, we evaluated associations between average positive and negative mood states and diurnal mood patterns, with prevalent and incident coronary artery calcification (CAC), a measure of calcified atherosclerosis. Methods: In a prospective cohort study of 669 white and African American men and women, aged 33 to 45 years, from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study, mood was assessed at Year 15 examination, six times over a weekday. Prevalent, progressive, and 5-year incident CAC (any detectable CAC [score 90]) and substantial CAC (CAC score Q 20) were assessed at examinations at Years 15 and 20 by electronbeam tomographic scans. We employed a modified Poisson regression approach for binary data with robust error estimation to quantify relative risk. Results: In multivariate-adjusted analyses, those with high-average positive mood that improved over a day had a lower risk of prevalent CAC higher than 0 (relative risk [RR] = 0.17 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 0.04Y0.67]) and substantial CAC (RR = 0.25 [95% CI = 0.06Y0.95]). In contrast, those with high-average, increasingly negative mood over a day had a higher risk of prevalent CAC (RR = 1.85 [95% CI = 0.86Y3.99]) and substantial CAC (RR = 3.11 [95% CI = 1.29Y7.49]). Findings were similar for progressive CAC at Year 20. This pattern of high/worsening negative mood (not positive mood) during the day was also predictive of 5-year incident CAC (RR = 2.99 [95% CI = 1.00Y8.93]). Conclusions: Diurnal mood patterns were associated with the progression of calcified atherosclerosis, with negative mood predicting greater progression and positive mood predicting lower progression. Key words: coronary artery disease, coronary calcification, positive and negative affect, diurnal trajectory. CAC = coronary artery calcification; CARDIA = Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults; CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; CHD = coronary heart disease; EBT = electron-beam tomography; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; RR = relative risk; SBP = systolic blood pressure.

Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Decline in Older African Americans: Two Scales and Their Factors

“…The reasons for this are not clear. However, previous studies have shown that negative mood in this population is related to adverse health outcomes 32, 33 . This is interesting because studies have also demonstrated that negative mood is lower in African Americans compared with other groups 32, 34 .…”

“…However, previous studies have shown that negative mood in this population is related to adverse health outcomes 32, 33 . This is interesting because studies have also demonstrated that negative mood is lower in African Americans compared with other groups 32, 34 . In an examination of day-to-day emotions and emotional responses to conflict across races, one study found that African Americans were less likely to use emotional tactics when they cope with conflict 34 .…”

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Complementary Therapy with Traditional Chinese Medicine for Treating Atherosclerosis-Related Diseases

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