Moon, Mars and Minds: Evaluating Parkinson’s disease mortality among U.S. radiation workers and veterans in the million person study of low-dose effects

Dauer, Lawrence T.; Walsh, Linda; Mumma, Michael T.; Cohen, Sarah S.; Golden, Ashley P.; Howard, Sara C.; Roemer, Grace E.; Boice, John D.

doi:10.1016/j.zemedi.2023.07.002

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Radiation exposure, as part of cancer treatment [ 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 ] or environmental radiation exposure [ 79 , 80 ], can affect the brain. For example, occupational chronic ionizing radiation exposure increased the risk of PD in workers at a nuclear facility [ 81 ].…”

Section: Effects Of Radiation On Hippocampal Dna Methylation and Cogn...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Irradiation and Alterations in Hippocampal DNA Methylation

Impey,

Raber

2024

Epigenomes

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The response of the brain to radiation is important for cancer patients receiving whole or partial brain irradiation or total body irradiation, those exposed to irradiation as part of a nuclear accident or a nuclear war or terrorism event, and for astronauts during and following space missions. The mechanisms mediating the effects of irradiation on the hippocampus might be associated with alterations in hippocampal DNA methylation. Changes in cytosine methylation involving the addition of a methyl group to cytosine (5 mC) and especially those involving the addition of a hydroxy group to 5 mC (hydroxymethylcytosine or 5 hmC) play a key role in regulating the expression of genes required for hippocampal function. In this review article, we will discuss the effects of radiation on hippocampal DNA methylation and whether these effects are associated with hippocampus-dependent cognitive measures and molecular measures in the hippocampus involved in cognitive measures. We will also discuss whether the radiation-induced changes in hippocampal DNA methylation show an overlap across different doses of heavy ion irradiation and across irradiation with different ions. We will also discuss whether the DNA methylation changes show a tissue-dependent response.

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Section: Effects Of Radiation On Hippocampal Dna Methylation and Cogn...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Irradiation and Alterations in Hippocampal DNA Methylation

Impey,

Raber

2024

Epigenomes

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“…It is also worth noting that radiation effects are not limited to cancer. Recent studies are examining the relationship between radiation dose and cardiovascular disease (Tapio et al 2021; Zhang et al 2019) and Parkinson’s disease (Azizova et al 2020; Lopes et al 2022; Dauer et al 2024). While the literature on non-cancer effects of low-dose radiation continues to grow, to date, the results are mixed and have a high degree of uncertainty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Recent Low-dose Research and Recommendations for Moving Forward

Wilson,

Adams,

Patel

et al. 2024

Health Physics

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The linear no-threshold (LNT) model has been the regulatory “law of the land” for decades. Despite the long-standing use of LNT, there is significant ongoing scientific disagreement on the applicability of LNT to low-dose radiation risk. A review of the low-dose risk literature of the last 10 y does not provide a clear answer, but rather the body of literature seems to be split between LNT, non-linear risk functions (e.g., supra- or sub-linear), and hormetic models. Furthermore, recent studies have started to explore whether radiation can play a role in the development of several non-cancer effects, such as heart disease, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes, the mechanisms of which are still being explored. Based on this review, there is insufficient evidence to replace LNT as the regulatory model despite the fact that it contributes to public radiophobia, unpreparedness in radiation emergency response, and extreme cleanup costs both following radiological or nuclear incidents and for routine decommissioning of nuclear power plants. Rather, additional research is needed to further understand the implications of low doses of radiation. The authors present an approach to meaningfully contribute to the science of low-dose research that incorporates machine learning and Edisonian approaches to data analysis.

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“…The paper by Martin et al [1] should encourage the radiological protection community to consider non-cancer outcomes as part of the overall potential burden from diagnostic medical exposures (one may also add Parkinson's disease, given recent findings from the Million Person Study [5]). My main concern is that the authors have attempted to estimate the number of CT-related CVD deaths before the science has properly developed and models for estimating lifetime attributable risk of CVD have been defined.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of cardiovascular disease risk from CT scans may be premature

Harbron

2024

J. Radiol. Prot.

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Moon, Mars and Minds: Evaluating Parkinson’s disease mortality among U.S. radiation workers and veterans in the million person study of low-dose effects

Cited by 12 publications

References 57 publications

Irradiation and Alterations in Hippocampal DNA Methylation

Irradiation and Alterations in Hippocampal DNA Methylation

A Review of Recent Low-dose Research and Recommendations for Moving Forward

Estimates of cardiovascular disease risk from CT scans may be premature

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