Moral Dilemma Scale

Greene, Joshua D.; Sommerville, R. Brian; Nystrom, Leigh E.; Darley, John M.; Cohen, Jonathan D.

doi:10.1037/t23793-000

Cited by 43 publications

(71 citation statements)

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“…Despite remarkable variability in stimuli and tasks between studies, these findings are strikingly consistent with the results of prior fMRI studies of implicit and explicit moral judgments (Greene et al, 2001;Heekeren, Wartenburger, Schmidt, Schwintowski, & Villringer, 2003;Moll et al, 2002a andMoll et al, 2002b;Moll, Zahn et al, 2005) that revealed primary neural activations in mesial cortical regions and the posterior STS.…”

Section: Moral Sensitivity As a Special Case Of Self-referential Thinsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Two brain areas implicated in prior functional neuroimaging studies of moral cognitions -the amygdala Greene et al, 2001) and anterior temporal cortex (Moll, Zahn et al, 2005) -were not activated by this moral sensitivity task. Similar to the results of an fMRI study of moral judgments for non-emotional stimuli (Moll, OliveiraSouza et al 2002), amygdala activation was not observed in the present study of moral and non-moral story segments that were devoid of overt emotion content.…”

Section: Posterior Stsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This activation was observed in prior studies of moral reasoning and was specifically associated with evaluating the appropriateness of solutions to personal moral dilemmas (Greene et al, 2001). The posterior cingulate cortex has been implicated in seemingly diverse functions including the experience of emotion (Mayberg et al, 1999), recall of emotional memories (Maratos, Dolan, Morris, Henson, & Rugg, 2001;Maddock, Garrett, & Buonocore, 2003), reward processing (Knutson et al, 2003), forgivability (Farrow et al, 2001), and self-reference (Fossati et al, 2003, Johnson et al, 2002and Kelley et al, 2002Ruby and Decety, 2003).…”

Section: Dorsal Posterior Cingulate Cortexmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Similar to self referential processing (Kelley et al, 2002) and the proposed role of the medial prefrontal cortex in spontaneous self referential mental activity as a default mode of brain function (Gusnard, Akbudak, Shulman, & Raichle, 2001), the implicit recognition of moral issues was associated with medial prefrontal cortex "activations" that were, in significant part, the result of deactivations of this area by the contrasted control conditions (i.e., strategic and tactical or neutral story segments). Also, polar medial prefrontal cortex activation associated with moral judgments was observed for the comparison of personal versus impersonal moral issues-essentially a self-reference task (Greene et al, 2001). Thus, a plausible functional inference is that access to knowledge of self is critical to moral sensitivity.…”

Section: Medial Prefrontal Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The neural processing of moral sensitivity to issues of justice and care

et al. 2007

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Kilts, C. (2007). The neural processing of moral sensitivity to issues of justice and care.. Retrieved from http://repository.upenn.edu/neuroethics_pubs/44The neural processing of moral sensitivity to issues of justice and care. AbstractThe empirical and theoretical consideration of ethical decision making has focused on the process of moral judgment; however, a precondition to judgment is moral sensitivity, the ability to detect and evaluate moral issues [Rest, J. R. (1984). The major components of morality. In W. Kurtines & J. Gewirtz (Eds.), Morality, moral behaviour, and moral development (pp. 24-38). New York, NY: Wiley]. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and contextually standardized, real life moral issues, we demonstrate that sensitivity to moral issues is associated with activation of the polar medial prefrontal cortex, dorsal posterior cingulate cortex, and posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS). These activations suggest that moral sensitivity is related to access to knowledge unique to one's self, supported by autobiographical memory retrieval and social perspective taking. We also assessed whether sensitivity to rule-based or "justice" moral issues versus social situational or "care" moral issues is associated with dissociable neural processing events. Sensitivity to justice issues was associated with greater activation of the left intraparietal sulcus, whereas sensitivity to care issues was associated with greater activation of the ventral posterior cingulate cortex, ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and thalamus. These results suggest a role for access to self histories and identities and social perspectives in sensitivity to moral issues, provide neural representations of the subcomponent process of moral sensitivity originally proposed by Rest, and support differing neural information processing for the interpretive recognition of justice and care moral issues. AbstractThe empirical and theoretical consideration of ethical decision making has focused on the process of moral judgment; however, a precondition to judgment is moral sensitivity, the ability to detect and evaluate moral issues [Rest, J. R. (1984). The major components of morality. In W. Kurtines & J. Gewirtz (Eds.), Morality, moral behaviour, and moral development (pp. 24-38). New York, NY: Wiley]. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and contextually standardized, real life moral issues, we demonstrate that sensitivity to moral issues is associated with activation of the polar medial prefrontal cortex, dorsal posterior cingulate cortex, and posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS). These activations suggest that moral sensitivity is related to access to knowledge unique to one's self, supported by autobiographical memory retrieval and social perspective taking. We also assessed whether sensitivity to rule-based or "justice" moral issues versus social situational or "care" moral issues is associated with dissociable neural processing events. Sensitivity to justice issues was associated...

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Section: Moral Sensitivity As a Special Case Of Self-referential Thinsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Posterior Stsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Dorsal Posterior Cingulate Cortexmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Medial Prefrontal Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The neural processing of moral sensitivity to issues of justice and care

et al. 2007

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“…So, growing endorsement of utilitarian sacrifice may be due, not exclusively to a reduction in the intensity of affect, but also in its relative influence upon moral judgment. Indeed, a diverse body of neuroscientific (Greene et al, 2001;Koenigs et al, 2007;Shenhav & Greene, 2014), physiological (Cushman, Gray, Gaffey & Mendes, 2012;Youssef et al, 2012) and behavioral (Koenigs, Kruepke, Zeier, & Newman, 2012;Miller, Hannikainen, & Cushman, 2014;Patil, 2015) evidence now suggests that affective prohibitions of interpersonal harm are not triggered exclusively-perhaps not even primarily-by an emotional tie to the proximal victim.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is utilitarian sacrifice becoming more morally permissible?

2018

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Word count: 1960 (excluding methods, results, references, author contributions and cover page) INCREASING PERMISSIBILITY OF UTILITARIAN SACRIFICE 2 Abstract A central tenet of contemporary moral psychology is that people reject many forms of utilitarian sacrifice. Yet, evidence for secularization and declining empathic concern in recent decades suggests the possibility of systematic change in this attitude. In the present study, we employ hypothetical dilemmas to investigate whether judgments of utilitarian sacrifice are becoming more permissive over time. In a cross-sectional design, age negatively predicted utilitarian moral judgment (Study 1). To examine whether this pattern reflected processes of maturation, we asked a panel to re-evaluate several moral dilemmas after a nine-year interval but observed no overall change (Study 2). In contrast, a more recent age-matched sample revealed greater endorsement of utilitarian sacrifice in a time-lag design (Study 3). Taken together, these results suggest that today's younger cohorts increasingly endorse a utilitarian resolution of sacrificial moral dilemmas.

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Moral Cognition: Introduction

Schleim

2014

Handbook of Neuroethics

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Moral Dilemma Scale

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

The neural processing of moral sensitivity to issues of justice and care

The neural processing of moral sensitivity to issues of justice and care

Is utilitarian sacrifice becoming more morally permissible?

Moral Cognition: Introduction

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