Moral Distress Scale

Scales Used to Measure Job Stressors in Intensive Care Units: Are They Relevant and Reliable? A Systematic Review

“…Approximately two thirds of the retrieved studies used at least one of the eight following scales (out of the 59 scales identified) ( Table 1): 17 studies used the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) or one of its variants (Karasek et al, 1998;Piers et al, 2011); 15 studies used the Moral Distress Scale (MDS) or one of its variants (Corley et al, 2001;Hamric et al, 2012); eight studies used the Nursing Stress Scale (NSS) (Gray-Toft and Anderson, 1981); six studies used the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire-ICU version (SAQ-ICU) (Sexton et al, 2006); six studies used the Nursing Work Index (NWI) or one of its variants (Kramer and Hafner, 1989;Aiken and Patrician, 2000;Lake, 2002;Bonneterre et al, 2011); four studies used the Nurses Stress Index (NSI) (Harris, 1989); four studies used the scale of Embriaco et al (2007a); and three studies used the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire (Siegrist et al, 2004). Other scales such as the Daily Hassles Questionnaire (DHQ) (Kanner et al, 1981), Workplace Stress Scale (WSS) (The Marlin Company and the American Institute of Stress, 2011), Hospital Survey Of Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) (Sorra and Dyer, 2010), Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire V2 (COPSOQ2) (Pejtersen et al, 2010), ICU-related stressors questionnaire (Coomber et al, 2002), and the scales of Tummers et al (2002) or Teixeira et al (2013) were used in two studies each.…”