Morbidity Parameters Associated with Gastrointestinal Tract Nematodes in Sheep in Dabat District, Northwest Ethiopia

Tarekegn, Zewdu Seyoum; Getnet, Kalkidan; Chanie, Mersha; Derso, Samuel; Fentahun, Shumye

doi:10.1155/2018/9247439

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Due to the morphological similarity of Strongyloides eggs, the possibility of errors in the species identification cannot be ruled out. Nevertheless, this could still be a preliminary presentation of the species responsible for gastrointestinal parasite infections in this region as the dominant species reported here were consistent with most other regions [1,2,3,39]. The GIN and coccidia infection rates revealed in this study were relatively high.…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Both these infections display similar clinical symptoms ranging mainly from digestive tract inflammation, damage to the integrity of gastrointestinal tissues, to nutritional disorders. These result in gradual weight loss, anemia, limited growth and development, slowed weight gain, reduced efficiency of feed utilization, and exhaustion and even death in sheep in severe cases [1][2][3]. It adversely affects the quality of the skin, fur, meat, and milk production while increasing the breeding costs and decreasing the economic benefits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An epidemiological study of gastrointestinal nematode and Eimeria coccidia infections in different populations of Kazakh sheep

Yan

Liu

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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This is an epidemiological study on the gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) and Eimeria coccidia infections in Kazakh sheep and the F1 and F2 generations of Kazakh × Texel sheep crosses. A total of 7599 sheep fecal samples were collected from the Zhaosu County and Nilka County in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in the four seasons-spring, summer, autumn, and winter of 2019. The parasite causing the infection was identified by the saturated saline floating method, and the infection intensity was calculated by the modified McMaster method. SPSS19.0 was used to evaluate the differences in the fecal egg count (FEC) of for GIN and the fecal oocyst count (FOC) value of for coccidia per sample. The results showed that there were nine types of sheep GIN infections and Eimeria coccidia in these two counties of Ililocations, with the dominant parasite species of Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus spp., and Ostertagia spp as the predominant parasites in the sheep. Most of the GIN and coccidia infections in these two regions were mild and moderate. The mean log (FEC) of GIN infection in the Zhaosu area was significantly higher than that in the Nilka area, whereas the mean log (FOC) of coccidia infection in Zhaosu was significantly lower than that of Nilka. The mean log (FEC) of GIN infection in the four seasons was the highest in spring, followed by in summer, then in autumn, and the lowest in winter. The mean log (FOC) of coccidia infection was the highest in spring, followed by in autumn, and was the lowest in summer and winter. The mean log (FEC) of GIN infection and log (FOC) of coccidia infection of Kazakh sheep was significantly higher than the F1 generation, which was then significantly higher than the F2 generation of summer. A positive correlation was found between the EPG and OPG levels in the sheep. These results showed that the GIN and coccidia infection intensities of the F1 generation sheep of Kazakh ×Texel crosses were significantly lower than that of Kazakh sheep paving the way for marker-based resistance selection.

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Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An epidemiological study of gastrointestinal nematode and Eimeria coccidia infections in different populations of Kazakh sheep

Yan

Liu

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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“…Anemia observed in this study can be attributed to the GIN, predominated by H. contortus adult worms that cause harm as they cut to the mucosal lining in the abomasum, enabling them to suck blood from the mucosa of the GIT, causing blood loss, and development of anemia in sheep [46]. These observations agree with the results of previous studies where a relationship between EPG level and FAMACHA © categories was elucidated and FAMACHA © scoring was positively correlated with FEC levels in sheep [47,48]. However, the present study was in contrast with the study conducted by Mohammed et al [49] that showed no correlation between EPG and FAMACHA © score meaning that in their study, an increase in anemia did not necessarily result in an increased EPG which could have been due to mild infection in their study animals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

February-2021

2021

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Previous studies recorded the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in Limpopo Province. However, the studies did not address the seasonal patterns of infection and did not cover all districts of Limpopo Province, namely; Capricorn, Sekhukhune, Waterberg, Mopani, and Vhembe. It is, therefore, important to provide up to date information on the prevalence and seasonal occurrence data of GIN in all districts of Limpopo province. The present study was conducted to determine the occurrence of anthelmintic resistance (AR) and document the prevalence of GIN infecting sheep in five districts of Limpopo Province, South Africa.Materials and Methods: Forty animals in each district were used for fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) to determine AR against ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg), levamisole (LEV) (5 mg/kg), and albendazole (7.5 mg/kg). Egg hatch test (EHT) was used to determine AR against thiabendazole (TBZ) and micro-agar larval development test (MALDT) was used for both TBZ and LEV. Naturally, infected sheep (n=780) were sampled for prevalence across five districts of Limpopo. FAMACHA © eye-color score estimations were also performed for each study animal.Results: FECRT showed occurrence of AR in most of the districts and a few with suspected resistance. EHT results showed AR development against TBZ for all districts, while the MALDT showed no AR against LEV in all districts, but detected AR against TBZ in Sekhukhune, Capricorn, and Waterberg. Haemonchus contortus was the most resistant species. A high nematode prevalence (88-100%) and 1210-1861 eggs per gram (EPG) was observed in all districts during the hot wet season, decreasing to 75-80% (453-1202 EPG) during the cold dry season. The sheep revealed a FAMACHA © mean score of 3, indicating mild anemia during the hot wet season except for Vhembe district that revealed a FAMACHA © mean score of 4 during the hot wet season, indicating anemia. Conclusion:AR recorded in Limpopo Province may be due to under-dosing caused by lack of weighing equipment and high treatment frequencies due to lack of proper training on anthelmintic use. The detection of AR in Limpopo is an important finding because it will help in outlining effective management systems against GIN.

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“…The present results indicated that the BCS decreased sharply by GINs infection without garlic powder supplementation, whereas it ranged from 4.0 to 4.5 in garlic powder supplemented sheep, which reflects an improved health status of lambs supplemented with garlic powder vs. non-supplemented sheep. The improved BCS might be partly due to decreased FEC of lambs, as a negative correlation between BCS and FEC was widely found [53,54]. In addition, the increased dietary CP intake by garlic powder feeding also may have contributed to the nutritional and health enhancement of lambs, because more muscle may be deposited when the GINs burden decreased [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Feeding Garlic Powder on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation, and the Health Status of Lambs Infected by Gastrointestinal Nematodes

Zhong

Xiang

Cheng

et al. 2019

Animals

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For the study, forty lambs were weighed and assigned into two treatments to determine the effects of feeding garlic powder on growth performance, rumen fermentation, and the health status of lambs infected with gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs). The lambs were fed with a basal diet without or with 50 g/kg garlic powder for 84 d. Data were analyzed by a general linear or mixed model of SAS software and differences were considered statistically significant if p ≤ 0.05. Results showed that garlic powder supplementation increased the lambs’ average daily gain (p = 0.025), digestibility of dry matter (p = 0.019), and crude protein (p = 0.007). No significant changes were observed on the dry matter intake, feed conversion ratio, as well as the apparent digestibility of lipid and fiber. An interactive effect between treatment and feeding day was observed on ruminal pH (p < 0.001) and ammonia nitrogen concentration (p < 0.001). Ruminal pH (p < 0.001) and ammonia nitrogen concentration (p < 0.001) decreased with garlic powder supplementation, while ammonia nitrogen concentration increased (p = 0.001) with the extension of the feeding period. Garlic powder supplementation increased the total volatile fatty acid concentration (p < 0.001) in the rumen fluid, the molar proportion of acetic acid (p = 0.002), propionic acid (p < 0.001), and isovaleric acid (p = 0.049), but it decreased the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid (p = 0.015). The lambs’ fecal egg count decreased (p < 0.001), but the packed cell volume and body condition scores of lambs increased (p < 0.001) with garlic powder supplementation. In conclusion, feeding garlic powder increased growth performance, feed digestion, rumen fermentation, and the health status of lambs infected with GINs.

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Morbidity Parameters Associated with Gastrointestinal Tract Nematodes in Sheep in Dabat District, Northwest Ethiopia

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

An epidemiological study of gastrointestinal nematode and Eimeria coccidia infections in different populations of Kazakh sheep

An epidemiological study of gastrointestinal nematode and Eimeria coccidia infections in different populations of Kazakh sheep

February-2021

Effects of Feeding Garlic Powder on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation, and the Health Status of Lambs Infected by Gastrointestinal Nematodes

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