Morbidity, rickets and long-bone growth in post-medieval Britain—a cross-population analysis

Pinhasi, Ron; Shaw, Paul D.; White, Bill C.; Ogden, Alan

doi:10.1080/03014460600707503

Cited by 66 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…ANCOVA allows for the detection of differences between the regression slopes of two datasets, while acknowledging the influence of dental age as a covariate (Pinhasi et al, 2006). This method was only applied to individuals between 0 and 12 years of age to avoid the complications of the sex‐differentiated pubertal growth spurt, and to allow for comparison with the data from a modern sample for TR diameter (see below).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of non‐adult vertebral dimensions as indicators of growth disruption and non‐specific health stress in skeletal populations

Newman

Gowland²

2015

American J Phys Anthropol

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ObjectiveTraditional methods of detecting growth disruption have focused on deficiencies in the diaphyseal length of the long bones. This study proposes the implementation of vertebral measurements (body height and transverse diameter of the neural canal) from non‐adults (0–17 years) as a new methodology for the identification of growth disruption.MethodsMeasurements of vertebral body height and transverse diameter were taken from 96 non‐adult skeletons and 40 adult skeletons from two post‐medieval sites in England (Bow Baptist, London and Coronation Street, South Shields). Non‐adult measurements were plotted against dental age to construct vertebral growth profiles through which inter‐population comparisons could be made.ResultsResults demonstrated that both sites experienced some growth retardation in infancy, evident as deficiencies in transverse diameter. However, analysis of vertebral body height revealed different chronologies of growth disruption between the sites, with a later age of attainment of skeletal maturity recorded in the Bow Baptist sample.DiscussionThese vertebral dimensions undergo cessation of growth at different ages, with transverse diameter being “locked‐in” by ∼1–2 years of age, while vertebral body height may continue to grow into early adulthood. These measurements can therefore provide complementary information regarding the timing of growth disruption within archaeological populations. Non‐adult vertebral measurements can increase our osteobiographical understanding of the timings of episodes of health stress, and allow for the analysis of growth when other skeletal elements are fragmentary. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:155–164, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of non‐adult vertebral dimensions as indicators of growth disruption and non‐specific health stress in skeletal populations

Newman

Gowland²

2015

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…Although we acknowledge weaknesses in the work, we, nevertheless, believe that this result is discouraging for those who would monitor the health effects of more subtle geographical or temporal differences in lifestyles using endochondral growth in skeletal remains. A number of authors (e.g., Mays, 1985Mays, , 1995Mays, , 1999Lewis, 2002a,b;Pinhasi et al, 2006) have demonstrated that a more complete insight into child health can be obtained if growth studies are combined with markers of disease or nonspecific stress. Combining study of endochondral growth with markers of growth arrest such as Harris lines can lead to insights into the occurrence or otherwise of catch-up growth following episodes of growth arrest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Growth in an English population from the Industrial Revolution

Mays¹,

Brickley²,

Ives³

2008

American J Phys Anthropol

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The rapid urbanization of the Industrial Revolution in 18th-19th century England presented new health challenges. Our aim is to investigate using English skeletal remains whether the living conditions for an urban working class group in the Industrial Revolution negatively impacted upon their skeletal growth compared with a population from a rural agrarian parish. The Industrial Revolution skeletal material is from St Martin's Churchyard, Birmingham (SMB), West Midlands. It dates primarily from the first half of the nineteenth century when Birmingham was a major manufacturing center. The rural group is from Wharram Percy (WP), North Yorkshire, and dates from 10th-19th century AD. The methodology involves plotting diaphyseal bone lengths versus dental age for subadults. No overall difference was found between the two populations in bone length-for-age among the 2- to 18-year cohort. However the younger parts of the SMB cohort were smaller than at WP; the opposite was true of the older parts of the cohort. Growth rate, as inferred from crosssectional data, appeared greater at SMB than at WP. The only result consistent with expectations is the larger bone dimensions in young children from WP, but this likely reflects prolonged breastfeeding at WP not differences in urban and rural environments. That the deleterious health effects that we know accompanied the major transition in human society from a rural agrarian to an urban industrialized living environment should be little manifest in skeletal endochondral growth data is discouraging for those who would use such methodology to monitor health in earlier populations.

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“…However, samples of the disease diagnosed as osteomalacia can be found dating from as far back as ancient Egypt (Nerlich et al, 2002) to a few cases of this type described in modern time series (Brickley et al, 2005). Cases of rickets are known from sites dating back to the period of Roman influences (Blondiaux et al, 2002;Schamall et al, 2003), but are more frequently reported from sites dating back to the Middle Ages (Ortner & Mays, 1998;Pinhasi, 2006) and modern times (Mays et al, 2006(Mays et al, , 2007. Gładykowska-Rzeczycka (2001) has described 25 cases of rickets dating back from the Neolithic, medieval and modern times found on the territorial lands of Poland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Residual rickets or osteomalacia: a case dating from the 16–18^th centuries from Krosno Odrzańskie, Poland

Haduch

Szczepanek

Skrzat

et al. 2008

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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A skeleton from a 16-18 th century burial site in Krosno Odrzań skie, Poland, was examined using classical morphological, metric and macroscopic palaeopathological observations, as well as radiography and tomography of the skull and long bones. A wide variety of the observed bone deformations probably occurred as a consequence of past rickets and/or osteomalacia, whose primary cause may also have been chronic renal failure. Preservation of the bones enables a discussion of the cause of such pathological changes. The subject under study appears to be a very interesting example of an individual whose skeleton shows advanced pathological alterations associated with the subject's vitamin D deficiency, overall health conditions and relatively long lifespan.

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Morbidity, rickets and long-bone growth in post-medieval Britain—a cross-population analysis

Abstract: Bradford Scholars -how to deposit your paper Overview Copyright check• Check if your publisher allows submission to a repository.• Use the Sherpa RoMEO database if you are not sure about your publisher's position or email openaccess@bradford.ac.uk.

Cited by 66 publications

References 32 publications

The use of non‐adult vertebral dimensions as indicators of growth disruption and non‐specific health stress in skeletal populations

The use of non‐adult vertebral dimensions as indicators of growth disruption and non‐specific health stress in skeletal populations

Growth in an English population from the Industrial Revolution

Residual rickets or osteomalacia: a case dating from the 16–18^th centuries from Krosno Odrzańskie, Poland

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Morbidity, rickets and long-bone growth in post-medieval Britain—a cross-population analysis

Abstract: Bradford Scholars -how to deposit your paper Overview Copyright check• Check if your publisher allows submission to a repository.• Use the Sherpa RoMEO database if you are not sure about your publisher's position or email openaccess@bradford.ac.uk.

Cited by 66 publications

References 32 publications

The use of non‐adult vertebral dimensions as indicators of growth disruption and non‐specific health stress in skeletal populations

The use of non‐adult vertebral dimensions as indicators of growth disruption and non‐specific health stress in skeletal populations

Growth in an English population from the Industrial Revolution

Residual rickets or osteomalacia: a case dating from the 16–18th centuries from Krosno Odrzańskie, Poland

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Product

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Residual rickets or osteomalacia: a case dating from the 16–18^th centuries from Krosno Odrzańskie, Poland