Morbidity Trends and Risk of Tuberculosis: Mexico 2007–2017

Abstract

Background. To know the current status of the epidemiological and geographic distribution of tuberculosis and its complication meningeal tuberculosis in Mexico, this work analyzes national surveillance data (ten years) issued by the General Directorate of Epidemiology (GDE). Methods. An observational and retrospective analysis of monthly and annual reports of pulmonary and meningeal tuberculosis cases from January 2007 to December 2017 was performed on the annual reports issued by the GDE in Mexico. The number of cases and incidence were classified by year, state, age group, gender, and seasons. Results. A national case distribution map of pulmonary and meningeal tuberculosis incidence was generated. During this period, a total of 184,003 and 3,388 cases were reported with a median of 16,727.5 and 308 cases per year for pulmonary and meningeal tuberculosis diseases, respectively. The number of cases and incidence of pulmonary and meningeal tuberculosis per year showed that male gender presented a continuous increase in both parameters. The geographic analysis of the distribution of cases of tuberculosis showed that states like Guerrero, Tabasco, and Veracruz presented higher means of tuberculosis cases during this period. Northern states had the highest number of cases in the country compared to other states. In Mexico, pulmonary tuberculosis and meningeal tuberculosis are seasonal. Interestingly, cases of meningeal tuberculosis show an increase during October and November (autumn). Conclusions. In Mexico, during the years 2007–2017, there has been an increase in the proportion of male TB patients. It remains necessary to implement strategies to detect TB in the adult population, especially among men, because tuberculosis could be difficult to recognize in an early stage in the population, and the appearance of resistant strains can cause an increase in the incidence of the disease.

The association between extreme temperature and pulmonary tuberculosis in Shandong Province, China, 2005–2016: a mixed method evaluation

“…However, as found by Liao et al [ 25 ], the peak of tuberculosis reported rate was between January and March in Chongqing, China. One study from Mexico reported that the tuberculosis has seasonality with spring and summer being the peak seasons [ 26 ]. The seasonality of reported morbidity of PTB may be associated with suitable environment conditions that can affect the immune system and facilitate the dispersion of the pathogen.…”

Clinical, Imaging, and Laboratory Characteristics of Adult Mexican Patients with Tuberculous Meningitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

“…The global incidence of TBM is unknown [ 7 ]; in 2017, Mexico had an overall prevalence of 0.35 cases per 100,000 inhabitants [ 8 ]. The global HIV epidemic has increased the number of adults affected by TBM.…”

Tuberculous meningitis in adult patients of a Mexican neurological referral center: A-six-year retrospective cohort study

“…Median glycorrhachia was 47 mg/dL (ranges 18-64), proteinorachia 95 mg/dL (44-188) and cellularity 53.5 cells/mm 3 . Th median CSF adenosine deaminase level was 7 UI/L (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). No differences were observed between groups.…”

“…Many factors are related particularly the high prevalence of risk population as diabetes (DM), HIV/AIDS, and poverty. HIV infection represents the highest risk for latent infection and the progress of clinical TB (5). Other immunocompromised states like chronic steroid use and chronic alcoholism carry the same risk for developing TBM (6,7).…”