Morchella esculenta mushroom polysaccharide attenuates diabetes and modulates intestinal permeability and gut microbiota in a type 2 diabetic mice model

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a health issue that causes serious worldwide economic problems. It has previously been reported that natural polysaccharides have been studied with regard to regulating the gut microbiota, which plays an important role in T2DM. Here, we investigate the effects of Morchella esculenta polysaccharide (MEP) on a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2DM in BALB/c mice. The administration of MEP effectively regulated hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia and improved insulin sensitivity. We also determined an improvement in gut microbiota composition by 16sRNA pyrosequencing. Treatment with MEP showed an increase in beneficial bacteria, i.e., Lactobacillus and Firmicutes, while the proportion of the opportunistic bacteria Actinobacteria, Corynebacterium, and Facklamia decreased. Furthermore, the treatment of T2DM mice with MEP resulted in reduced endotoxemia and insulin resistance-related pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Moreover, MEP treatment improved intestinal permeability by modulating the expression of the colon tight-junction proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, claudin-1, and mucin-2 protein (MUC2). Additionally, MEP administration affects the metagenome of microbial communities in T2DM mice by altering the functional metabolic pathways. All these findings suggested that MEP is a beneficial prebiotic associated with ameliorating the gut microbiota and its metabolites in T2DM.

Holothurian Wall Hydrolysate Ameliorates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunocompromised Mice via Regulating Immune Response and Improving Gut Microbiota

“…Tiepishihu Xiyangshen granules showed prominent immunomodulatory activities by regulating TLR4/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a signal pathways [ 21 ]. However, gut microbiota and the intestinal barrier have important roles in chronic human diseases, which should not be ignored [ 22 ]. Therefore, the research focusing on effective methods to improve intestinal barrier function and repair the gut microbiota dysbiosis for immunodeficiency treatment is of great importance.…”

Comparative Analysis of the Pre-Parturition and Post-Parturition Genital Tract Microbiota in Plateau Bangor Sewa Sheep

“…Moreover, Streptococcus , Facklamia , and Bosea were previously reported to be higher in people with an over-richness of bacteria in the intestine [ 61 ], type 2 diabetic animals [ 62 ], and mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [ 63 ], respectively. The higher abundance of those three genera in the post-parturition Bangor Sewa sheep further indicated the changes in the physiological environment of the genital tract.…”

Pediococcus acidilactici (pA1c®) alleviates obesity-related dyslipidemia and inflammation in Wistar rats by activating beta-oxidation and modulating the gut microbiota

“…In contrast, Streptococcus is positively correlated with obesity, inflammation and weight gain, and is found to be decreased in the HFS diet-induced obese mice through the effect of SCFA, 87,88 while Facklamia is an opportunistic genus that tends to increase in abundance in obesity-related problems such as type-2 diabetes and insulin resistance. 89 Furthermore, different authors have established a positive relationship between the abnormal increase in body weight, visceral fat, fat mass, and the abundance of Acinetobacter. 88,90 Additional authors have reported that a Sanghuangporus vaninii mixture ameliorated obesity related type-2 diabetes and altered intestinal microbiota by reducing the abundance of Odoribacter.…”