“…Third, an essential feature of China is the uneven development across regions due to government policies, regional resource endowments, factor mobility, and the interplay among these factors (Todtling and Trippl, 2005;Clarysse et al, 2009;Buesa et al, 2010;. Specifically, compared with the central and western areas, the eastern area is more developed, mainly in terms of infrastructural development, technological innovation, innovation environments, the intensity of government subsidies, and the industrial development environment (Clarysse et al, 2009;Min et al, 2020;Mubarak and Petraite, 2020;Wang et al, 2022). Moreover, the type and sophistication of digital technologies available to firms vary across regions (Adner et al, 2019).…”