More Inclusive States, Less Poverty Among Immigrants? An Examination of Poverty, Citizenship Stratification, and State Immigrant Policies

Young, Maria–Elena De Trinidad; León-Pérez, Gabriela; Wells, Christine; Wallace, Steven P.

doi:10.1007/s11113-018-9459-3

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…US-born Latino youth face persistent disparities in access to health care services compared to their non-Latino white counterparts [ 1 , 2 ]. Given that more than half of all US-born Latino youth have at least one immigrant parent [ 3 ], and access to programs vary by citizenship status, parental characteristics may indirectly contribute to health care access disparities for youth in immigrant families [ 9 , 10 ]. Previous studies have shown an association between maternal citizenship and youth insurance coverage among Latinos [ 11 ] and that youth with noncitizen insured parents were more likely to be uninsured [ 12 – 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Having access to health insurance coverage is a significant factor in utilizing services, especially the preventive care and annual well-child visits for youth suggested by the American Academy of Pediatrics [ 35 ]. In this study, while we examined health insurance coverage status for youth and their mothers, it is important to discuss that maternal citizenship and its association with insurance is indicative of systemic discrimination based on documentation and citizenship status [ 10 ]. Health policies that are enacted in the US and at the state-level can either be inclusive or exclusionary [ 10 ] in nature and in this study, we observed that being a noncitizen was strongly associated with being uninsured.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immigrant parents are also more likely to lack awareness of and experience with health insurance, more likely to experience contextual restrictions on eligibility, and less likely to work for employers who offer health insurance [ 8 ]. Access to programs and eligibility, such as Medicaid, varies by citizenship status and can indirectly hinder access to health care services for US-born youth in immigrant families [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of maternal characteristics with latino youth health insurance disparities in the United States: a generalized structural equation modeling approach

et al. 2020

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Background Disparities in access to care persist for Latino youth born in the United States (US). The association of maternal characteristics, such as maternal citizenship status and insurance coverage, on youth health insurance coverage is unclear and is important to examine given the recent sociopolitical shifts occurring in the US. Methods We analyzed pooled cross-sectional data from the 2010–2018 National Health Interview Survey to examine the association of Latina maternal citizenship status on maternal insurance coverage status and youth uninsurance among US-born Latino youth. Our study sample consisted of 15,912 US-born Latino youth (ages < 18) with linked mothers. Our outcome measures were maternal insurance coverage type and youth uninsurance and primary predictor was maternal citizenship status. Generalized structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationships between maternal characteristics (maternal citizenship, maternal insurance coverage status) and youth uninsurance. Results Overall, 7% of US-born Latino youth were uninsured. Just 6% of youth with US-born mothers were uninsured compared to almost 10% of those with noncitizen mothers. Over 18% of youth with uninsured mothers were uninsured compared to 2.2% among youth with mothers who had private insurance coverage. Compared to both US-born and naturalized citizen Latina mothers, noncitizen Latina mothers had 4.75 times the odds of reporting being uninsured. Once adjusted for predisposing, enabling, and need factors, maternal uninsurance was strongly associated with youth uninsurance and maternal citizenship was weakly associated with youth uninsurance among US-born Latino youth. Conclusion Maternal citizenship was associated with both maternal uninsurance and youth uninsurance among US-born Latino youth. Federal- and state-level health policymaking should apply a two-generational approach to ensure that mothers of children are offered affordable health insurance coverage, regardless of their citizenship status, thus reducing uninsurance among US-born Latino youth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of maternal characteristics with latino youth health insurance disparities in the United States: a generalized structural equation modeling approach

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“…Another area of unanswered questions involves how policy interacts with different aspects of the unauthorized immigrant experience, both within the lives of immigrants and between immigrants defined by local contexts, such as states or communities, and sociodemographic characteristics, such as national origin, race, ethnicity, class, gender, age, and sexuality (Flores & Schachter, 2018;Ruszczyk & Yrizar Barbosa, 2016). While several compelling qualitative studies suggest that state policy moderates the impact of federal immigration law (Cebulko & Silver, 2016;Martinez, 2014) and other studies have estimated the direct impact of state policies on unauthorized immigrants (De Trinidad Young et al, 2018;Flores, 2009), more research is needed to explore the propositions raised by this research: to understand how and why states may moderate the impact of federal immigration law for the integration of children in mixed-status families. While other studies demonstrate that the unauthorized experience varies by, for example, gender, race, and stage in the life course (Das Gupta, 2014;Flores & Schachter, 2018;Golash-Boza & Hondagneu-Sotelo, 2013), we suggest that attention to how the interaction between immigration policy, federal and state social policies, and individual characteristics would help further articulate the disadvantages of unauthorized immigration status.…”

Section: Data Needs and Remaining Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the past three decades, federal and state immigration and social policies have become more restrictive and threatening to mixed-status families (Coutin, 2011). In response, states have adopted widely different stances towards unauthorized immigrants, such that now there is substantial variation in state policies regarding local-federal collaboration in immigration law enforcement, labor market regulation and labor laws, access to post-secondary education, and provision of health care (De Trinidad Young, León-Pérez, Wells, & Wallace, 2018). What are the impacts of growing up in a mixed-status family in this policy context?…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing up Without Status: The Integration of Children in Mixed‐Status Families

2019

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Over the past three decades, a central new challenge confronting millions of children of immigrants has emerged: growing up in a mixed‐status family in which at least one member lacks legal authorization to live and work in the United States. A body of recent research argues that unauthorized immigrant status is the fundamental determinant of integration for unauthorized immigrants, with intergenerational consequences for their U.S.‐born children. We discuss the immigration and other policies that create the particular social context within which unauthorized immigration status becomes so detrimental for integration. Specifically, we focus on federal and state policies that undermine the very factors thought to protect children and support the integration of new generations of Americans: families and social networks, economic resources and opportunities, and health. We conclude with recommendations for future research.

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Association of Maternal Citizenship and State-Level Immigrant Policies With Health Insurance Coverage Among US-Born Latino Youths

et al. 2020

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IMPORTANCE The association of state-level immigrant policies with uninsurance among Latino youths remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess the association of state-level immigrant integration and criminalization policies with health insurance coverage among US-born Latino youths by maternal citizenship. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study analyzed secondary data from the American Community Survey, January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018, for US-born Latino youths (age, Յ17 years) and their mothers (age, 18-64 years) as well as state-level indicators of immigrant integration and criminalization policies (in all 50 states and the District of Columbia). EXPOSURES Immigrant integration and criminalization policies. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was maternal reports of youth uninsurance status at the time of the American Community Survey interview. Variation in youth uninsurance by maternal citizenship, state immigrant integration policy context, and state immigrant criminalization policy context were examined. All analyses were conducted with weighted survey data. RESULTS Of the 226 691 US-born Latino youths (115 431 [50.92%] male; mean [SD] age, 7.66 [4.92] years) included in the study, 36.64% (95% CI, 36.21%-36.92%) had noncitizen mothers. Overall, 7.09% (95% CI, 6.78%-7.41%) of noncitizen mothers reported that their youths were uninsured compared with 4.68% (95% CI, 4.49%-4.88%) of citizen mothers. Of uninsured youths who resided in states with a low level of immigrant integration policies, 9.10% (8.22%-10.06%) had noncitizen mothers and 4.75% (95% CI, 4.19%-5.37%) had citizen mothers; of uninsured youths who resided in states with high criminalization policies, 9.37% (95% CI, 8.90%-9.87%) had noncitizen mothers and 5.91% (95% CI, 5.64%-6.20%) had citizen mothers. In states with few immigrant integration policies, the probability of uninsurance among youths with noncitizen mothers was 3.3% (95% CI, 2.3%-4.4%) higher than that among youths with citizen mothers. Among youths with noncitizen mothers, the difference in the probability of uninsurance between those residing in states with a low level vs a high level of immigrant integration policies was 2.1% (95% CI, 0.6%-3.6%). Among youths residing in states with high levels of immigrant criminalization policies, those with noncitizen mothers had a 2.6% (95% CI, 1.9%-3.0%) higher probability of being uninsured compared with those whose mothers were citizens. Among youths with noncitizen mothers, the difference in the probability of uninsurance between those who resided in a state with a low level vs a state with a high level of immigrant criminalization policies was 1.7% (95% CI, 0.7%-2.7%).

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More Inclusive States, Less Poverty Among Immigrants? An Examination of Poverty, Citizenship Stratification, and State Immigrant Policies

Cited by 38 publications

References 41 publications

Association of maternal characteristics with latino youth health insurance disparities in the United States: a generalized structural equation modeling approach

Association of maternal characteristics with latino youth health insurance disparities in the United States: a generalized structural equation modeling approach

Growing up Without Status: The Integration of Children in Mixed‐Status Families

Association of Maternal Citizenship and State-Level Immigrant Policies With Health Insurance Coverage Among US-Born Latino Youths

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