“…Excellent academic researchers, such as Arrow (1963Arrow ( , 1971Arrow ( , 1974, Raviv (1979), Bühlmann (1985), Briys, Dionne, and Eeckhoudt (1989), Rejda (1989), Green, Trieschmann, and Gustavson (1992), Luan (2001), Mahul (2002, 2004), Liu and Yang (2004), Laeven and Goovaerts (2008), Karni (2007), Zhou, W. Wu, and C. Wu (2010), Walhin and Paris (1999), Bernard, He, Yan, and Zhou (2012), have developed various models of rating based on various mathematical and statistical methods. Similarly, British government has invested regulations in the standardization of insurance business such as life assurance Gambling act of 1774 and marine insurance act of 1906 to mention some.…”