Abstract:Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) was a master anatomist as well as an artistic genius. He dissected numerous cadavers and developed a profound understanding of human anatomy. Among his best-known artworks are the frescoes painted on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (1508-1512), in Rome. Currently, there is some debate over whether the frescoes merely represent the teachings of the Catholic Church at the time or if there are other meanings hidden in the images. In addition, there is speculation regarding th… Show more
“…However, as the fresco is located in the most sacred of Catholic chapels, this would have had to be disguised; it would have been completely at odds with the Catholic tradition, which did not recognize Adam and Eve as being created at the same instant. During the period when The Creation of Adam was created, very few people knew anything about human anatomy, especially that of a rib. However, for those profoundly acquainted with both human anatomy and the Jewish Kabbalah, as Michelangelo was (Eknoyan, ; Blech and Doliner, ; Suk and Tamargo, ; Lydiatt and Bucher, ; De Campos et al, , 2015b; De Campos et al, ; De Campos et al, ; De Campos and Da Costa Oliveira, ), this could in fact be something evident and possible. Moreover, even if Pope Julius II and his inner circle had perceived the figure of a rib on Adam's left side, they might have chosen to tolerate this representation by the artist, just as they tolerated the various naked characters represented by Michelangelo on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (Blech and Doliner, ; Vasari, ).Specialists have pointed out that the Jewish Kabbalah, which includes the mystical and esoteric tradition of Judaism, claims to have its origin in the secrets that the angels transmitted to Adam (Blech and Doliner, ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… And God said: Let us make man in our image, after our likeness (Nelson, ).Because it depicts the formation of the first human being, the fresco of Adam has been the subject of numerous interpretations and analyses throughout history. Some of these analyses have demonstrated important mathematical properties in the composition of the characters within this fresco (De Campos et al, ). In addition, the anatomical positions themselves and the configurations of both Adam and God have been interpreted in different ways by various researchers.…”
“…However, as the fresco is located in the most sacred of Catholic chapels, this would have had to be disguised; it would have been completely at odds with the Catholic tradition, which did not recognize Adam and Eve as being created at the same instant. During the period when The Creation of Adam was created, very few people knew anything about human anatomy, especially that of a rib. However, for those profoundly acquainted with both human anatomy and the Jewish Kabbalah, as Michelangelo was (Eknoyan, ; Blech and Doliner, ; Suk and Tamargo, ; Lydiatt and Bucher, ; De Campos et al, , 2015b; De Campos et al, ; De Campos et al, ; De Campos and Da Costa Oliveira, ), this could in fact be something evident and possible. Moreover, even if Pope Julius II and his inner circle had perceived the figure of a rib on Adam's left side, they might have chosen to tolerate this representation by the artist, just as they tolerated the various naked characters represented by Michelangelo on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (Blech and Doliner, ; Vasari, ).Specialists have pointed out that the Jewish Kabbalah, which includes the mystical and esoteric tradition of Judaism, claims to have its origin in the secrets that the angels transmitted to Adam (Blech and Doliner, ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… And God said: Let us make man in our image, after our likeness (Nelson, ).Because it depicts the formation of the first human being, the fresco of Adam has been the subject of numerous interpretations and analyses throughout history. Some of these analyses have demonstrated important mathematical properties in the composition of the characters within this fresco (De Campos et al, ). In addition, the anatomical positions themselves and the configurations of both Adam and God have been interpreted in different ways by various researchers.…”
“…The beauty and proportion of the human face have always been an object of interest through the years, as evidenced by Greek sculptures, ancient Egyptian paintings, and even in prehistory [1]. Some studies have also been carried on during the Renaissance period by well-known artists, such as Leonardo da Vinci [2] and Michelangelo Buonarroti [3], but it is from the 20th century that systematic studies focused on objective assessments began.…”
Common sense usually considers the assessment of female human attractiveness to be subjective. Nevertheless, in the past decades, several studies and experiments showed that an objective component in beauty assessment exists and can be strictly related, even if it does not match, with proportions of features. Proportions can be studied through analysis of the face, which relies on landmarks, i.e., specific points on the facial surface, which are shared by everyone, and measurements between them. In this work, several measures have been gathered from studies in the literature considering datasets of beautiful women to build a set of measures that can be defined as suggestive of female attractiveness. The resulting set consists of 29 measures applied to a public dataset, the Bosphorus database, whose faces have been both analyzed by the developed methodology based on the expanded set of measures and judged by human observers. Results show that the set of chosen measures is significant in terms of attractiveness evaluation, confirming the key role of proportions in beauty assessment; furthermore, the sorting of identified measures has been performed to identify the most significant canons involved in the evaluation.
“…In general terms, the specialized literature shows it to have been incorporated into countless works of art, and one trend of thought views it as a canon for ideal beauty in artistic works. Thus, it seems widely agreed among scholars in this area that the functionality and esthetic quality of any work could depend on its compatibility with GR (Livio, ; Hutchison and Hutchison, ; De Campos et al, ,b; Chevallier and Gheerbrant, ).…”
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
