More than a simple storage organ: Adipose tissue as a source of adipokines involved in cardiovascular disease

Rega‐Kaun, Gersina; Kaun, Christoph; Wojta, Johann

doi:10.1160/th13-03-0212

Cited by 40 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 155 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Many adipokines mediate the cross talk between adipose tissues, heart, and vasculature in the “adipo-cardiovascular axis”; the altered release of adipokines promotes a prothrombotic state contributing to CVDs and atherosclerosis [19, 100]. Several studies indicate that adiponectin has a beneficial role in CVDs and atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Adiponectin and Obesity-related Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, recently, large deletions and duplications that represent copy number variation (CNV) have been linked to the early onset obesity in children [13]. The complexity of the “obesity problem” has become clearer since adipose tissues have been recognized as an endocrine organ that produces biologically active substances defined as “adipokines,” protein hormones with pleiotropic functions in the regulation of energy metabolism as well as in appetite, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, atherosclerosis, and proliferation [18, 19]. Amongst the others, the most biological relevant adipokines are leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF- α ), interleukin 6 (IL-6), resistin, and adiponectin [19, 20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

New Insight into Adiponectin Role in Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases

Nigro

Scudiero

Monaco

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

485

364

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obesity is a major health problem strongly increasing the risk for various severe related complications such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, diabetic retinopathy, and cancer. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that produces biologically active molecules defined “adipocytokines,” protein hormones with pleiotropic functions involved in the regulation of energy metabolism as well as in appetite, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, atherosclerosis, cell proliferation, and so forth. In obesity, fat accumulation causes dysregulation of adipokine production that strongly contributes to the onset of obesity-related diseases. Several advances have been made in the treatment and prevention of obesity but current medical therapies are often unsuccessful even in compliant patients. Among the adipokines, adiponectin shows protective activity in various processes such as energy metabolism, inflammation, and cell proliferation. In this review, we will focus on the current knowledge regarding the protective properties of adiponectin and its receptors, AdipoRs (“adiponectin system”), on metabolic complications in obesity and obesity-related diseases. Adiponectin, exhibiting antihyperglycemic, antiatherogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties, could have important clinical benefits in terms of development of therapies for the prevention and/or for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases.

show abstract

Section: Adiponectin and Obesity-related Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insight into Adiponectin Role in Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases

Nigro

Scudiero

Monaco

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

485

364

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They constitute a group of protein hormones with functions in the regulation of energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, atherosclerosis and cell proliferation [7]. Biologically important members include, among others, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, omentin, leptin and adiponectin [8]. The latter is abundantly produced and secreted by adipose tissue, and during the previous decade adiponectin has been shown to have antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic and cardioprotective effects [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low adiponectin is associated with diastolic dysfunction in women: a cross-sectional study from the Tromsø Study

Norvik

Schirmer

Ytrehus

et al. 2017

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction is closely associated with diastolic dysfunction and related to obesity and female sex. We investigated whether adiponectin, an adipocyte-secreted protein hormone with cardioprotective effects, was associated with indices of diastolic dysfunction, and whether the association was sex dependent.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study on 1165 women and 896 men without diabetes. We stratified the multivariable adjusted logistic regression analyses and the fractional polynomial regression analyses according to sex, with echocardiographic markers of diastolic dysfunction as dependent variables, and adiponectin as the independent variable of interest.ResultsDecreased adiponectin was associated with higher odds of average tissue Doppler e’ < 9 in women (odds ratio [OR] 1.17 per 1 μg/mL adiponectin decrease, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.30), but not in men (p for interaction with sex 0.04). Women, but not men, had higher odds of E/e’ ratio ≥ 8 with lower adiponectin (OR 1.12 per 1 μg/mL adiponectin decrease, 95% CI 1.02–1.24, p for interaction with sex 0.04). Adiponectin in the lower sex-specific tertile was associated with increased odds of concentric left ventricular hypertrophy in women (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.03–5.77), but with decreased odds in men (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.11–0.88, p for interaction with sex 0.002), and decreased odds of eccentric hypertrophy in men only (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.33–0.88, p for interaction with sex 0.02). Adiponectin in the lower sex-specific tertile was associated with moderately enlarged left atria in women only (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.01–2.03, p for interaction with sex 0.04). Finally, adiponectin had a non-linear relationship with left ventricular mass in women only, with exponentially increasing left ventricular mass with lower adiponectin levels (p for interaction with sex 0.01).ConclusionsLow adiponectin was associated with higher odds of indices of diastolic dysfunction in women, but lower odds of indices of diastolic dysfunction in men. Lower adiponectin was associated with increased left ventricular mass in women only.

show abstract

“…Adiponectin and leptin are hormones produced by adipocytes [2] and imbalanced levels of these hormones have been shown in hypertensive patients compared with normotensive controls [3]. An inverse relationship between adiponectin and blood pressure (BP) levels was reported, and hypo-adiponectinaemia has been suggested as a risk factor for hypertension [3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibition on Leptin and Adiponectin Levels in Essential Hypertension

Fontana

Faria

Oliveira-Paula

et al. 2014

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and abnormal adipokine levels are biological alterations that affect blood pressure regulation and interact to link hypertension, obesity and metabolic diseases. While imbalanced levels of hormones produced by adipocytes including hypo-adiponectinaemia and hyperleptinaemia were reported in hypertension, little is known about how antihypertensive therapy affects these alterations. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of enalapril on plasma adiponectin and leptin levels in hypertensive individuals. Thirty-seven untreated hypertensive patients were prospectively treated with enalapril for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after the treatment with enalapril. Plasma adiponectin and leptin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay. We found significant increases in adiponectin levels after enalapril treatment (5.4 AE 3.7 versus 6.0 AE 4.5 lg/mL, meanAES.D., p = 0.04). Conversely, leptin levels were unchanged (18.0 AE 14.7 versus 18.4 AE 14.8 ng/mL, mean AE S.D., p = 0.31). Multiple linear regression revealed that baseline leptin is a significant predictor of systolic blood pressure reduction (b=0.269, p = 0.01) in hypertensive individuals treated with enalapril. While enalapril increases adiponectin levels in hypertensive individuals, baseline leptin levels predict blood pressure reduction in response to this therapy. These findings support the idea of an important relationship between RAAS and adipose tissue in hypertension and suggest that enalapril improves the adipokine profile, possibly allowing beneficial effects to overweight or obese hypertensive individuals.Hypertension, obesity and metabolic abnormalities share common physiopathological mechanisms including activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and alterations in adipokine levels [1]. Adiponectin and leptin are hormones produced by adipocytes [2] and imbalanced levels of these hormones have been shown in hypertensive patients compared with normotensive controls [3]. An inverse relationship between adiponectin and blood pressure (BP) levels was reported, and hypo-adiponectinaemia has been suggested as a risk factor for hypertension [3]. The cardiovascular protective effects of adiponectin are mediated by anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing and antiatherogenic mechanisms [4][5][6]. On the other hand, hyperleptinaemia promotes cardiovascular remodelling [7,8] mainly by increasing sympathetic nervous system activity [9]. Indeed, increased leptin levels may predict development of hypertension, independent of BMI and insulin resistance [10].Increasing evidence suggests that RAAS and adipose tissue are interplayers in BP regulation [11][12][13]. It has been suggested that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) may offer advantages as monotherapy in the treatment of obese hypertensive individuals, particularly in the prevention of metabolic disorders [14]. Moreover, some studies demonstrated that drug interfering with RAAS can i...

show abstract

More than a simple storage organ: Adipose tissue as a source of adipokines involved in cardiovascular disease

Cited by 40 publications

References 155 publications

New Insight into Adiponectin Role in Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases

New Insight into Adiponectin Role in Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases

Low adiponectin is associated with diastolic dysfunction in women: a cross-sectional study from the Tromsø Study

Effects of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibition on Leptin and Adiponectin Levels in Essential Hypertension

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About