More than DeQi: Spatial Patterns of Acupuncture-Induced Bodily Sensations

Jung, Won-Mo; Shim, Woosun; Lee, Taehyung; Park, Hi-Joon; Ryu, Yeonhee; Beißner, Florian; Chae, Younbyoung

doi:10.3389/fnins.2016.00462

Cited by 35 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It was allowed not to draw on any part of the bodily sensation map when no sensation was felt. To accomplish this, a bodily sensation map-emotion (BSM-E) application, which presents a template of the human body as two-dimensional frontal images (1,536 × 2,048 pixels; http://cmslab.khu.ac.kr/downloads/bsm ), was used on an iPad (Apple Inc.; Cupertino, CA, USA) [ 24 , 25 ]. With this application, the user can change the color of the points on a continuous color map via successive strokes on a region with a touch pen (Wacom Inc. OR, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of interoceptive accuracy in topographical changes in emotion-induced bodily sensations

et al. 2017

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The emotion-associated bodily sensation map is composed of a specific topographical distribution of bodily sensations to categorical emotions. The present study investigated whether or not interoceptive accuracy was associated with topographical changes in this map following emotion-induced bodily sensations. This study included 31 participants who observed short video clips containing emotional stimuli and then reported their sensations on the body map. Interoceptive accuracy was evaluated with a heartbeat detection task and the spatial patterns of bodily sensations to specific emotions, including anger, fear, disgust, happiness, sadness, and neutral, were visualized using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) analyses. Distinct patterns of bodily sensations were identified for different emotional states. In addition, positive correlations were found between the magnitude of sensation in emotion-specific regions and interoceptive accuracy across individuals. A greater degree of interoceptive accuracy was associated with more specific topographical changes after emotional stimuli. These results suggest that the awareness of one’s internal bodily states might play a crucial role as a required messenger of sensory information during the affective process.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of interoceptive accuracy in topographical changes in emotion-induced bodily sensations

et al. 2017

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“…Conversely, the von Frey filament is non-invasive, but can produce painful or non-painful tactile sensations according to the target force and individual differences. In our previous study, acupuncture was associated with greater subjective intensity ratings compared with tactile stimulation when delivered to the same loci [36]. Thus, we assumed that an acupuncture needle would generate a painful sensation and a von Frey filament would provide a non-painful touch sensation to participants in this study.…”

Section: Caveats Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Spatial Information of Somatosensory Stimuli in the Brain: Multivariate Pattern Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data

et al. 2020

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Background. Multivoxel pattern analysis has provided new evidence on somatotopic representation in the human brain. However, the effects of stimulus modality (e.g., penetrating needle versus non-penetrating touch) and level of classification (e.g., multiclass versus binary classification) on patterns of brain activity encoding spatial information of body parts have not yet been studied. We hypothesized that performance of brain-based prediction models may vary across the types of stimuli, and neural patterns of voxels in the SI and parietal cortex would significantly contribute to the prediction of stimulated locations. Objective. We aimed to (1) test whether brain responses to tactile stimuli could distinguish among stimulated locations on the body surface, (2) investigate whether the stimulus modality and number of classes affect classification performance, and (3) localize brain regions encoding the spatial information of somatosensory stimuli. Methods. Fifteen healthy participants completed two functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and were stimulated via the insertion of acupuncture needles or by non-invasive touch stimuli (5.46-sized von Frey filament). Participants received the stimuli at four different locations on the upper and lower limbs (two sites each) for 5 min while blood-oxygen-level-dependent activity (BOLD) was measured using 3-Tesla MRI. We performed multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) using parameter estimate images of each trial for each participant and the support vector classifier (SVC) function, and the prediction accuracy and other MVPA outcomes were evaluated using stratified five-fold cross validation. We estimated the significance of the classification accuracy using a permutation test with randomly labeled training data (n=10,000). Searchlight analysis was conducted to identify brain regions associated with significantly higher accuracy compared to predictions based on chance as obtained from a random classifier. Results. For the four-class classification (classifying four stimulated points on the body), SVC analysis of whole-brain beta values in response to acupuncture stimulation was able to discriminate among stimulated locations (mean accuracy, 0.31; q<0.01). The searchlight analysis found that values related to the right primary somatosensory cortex (SI) and intraparietal sulcus were significantly more accurate than those due to chance (p<0.01). On the other hand, the same classifier did not predict stimulated locations accurately for touch stimulation (mean accuracy, 0.25; q=0.66). For binary classification (discriminating between two stimulated body parts, i.e., the arm or leg), the SVC algorithm successfully predicted the stimulated body parts for both acupuncture (mean accuracy, 0.63; q<0.001) and touch stimulation (mean accuracy, 0.60; q<0.01). Searchlight analysis revealed that predictions based on the right SI, primary motor cortex (MI), paracentral gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus were significantly more accurate compared to predictions based on chance (p<0.05). Conclusion. Our findings suggest that the SI, as well as the MI, intraparietal sulcus, paracentral gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus, is responsible for the somatotopic representation of body parts stimulated by tactile stimuli. The MVPA approach for identifying neural patterns encoding spatial information of somatosensory stimuli may be affected by the stimulus type (penetrating needle versus non-invasive touch) and the number of classes (classification of four small points on the body versus two large body parts). Future studies with larger samples will identify stimulus-specific neural patterns representing stimulated locations, independent of subjective tactile perception and emotional responses. Identification of distinct neural patterns of body surfaces will help in improving neural biomarkers for pain and other sensory percepts in the future.

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“…The participants were told that the number 100 indicates the greatest intensity of de qi sensation imaginable and that 0 indicates no sensation. De qi sensation in this study included a range of bodily sensations from acupuncture stimulation, including dull, numb, and heavy ( Jung et al, 2016 ). Each rating screen appeared for 6 s and the participants were asked to make their decision before the end of this period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After scanning, participants were asked to mark the locations of their bodily sensations for each condition of pseudo-electrical stimulation on a given somatotopic map using a bodily sensation map application, which presents a template of the human body as two-dimensional frontal images (1536 × 2048 pixels; http://cmslab.khu.ac.kr/downloads/bsm ) with an iPad (Apple Inc.; Cupertino, CA, USA) ( Jung, Lee, Lee, and Chae, 2017a ; b ; Jung et al, 2016 ). The spatial patterns of pseudo-stimulation-induced sensations were analyzed by the pixel-wise evaluation of associations between each condition and the spatial configuration of the bodily sensation map ( Jung et al, 2016 ). The general pattern of sensation was visualized with a 10% response rate threshold.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain activation during the expectations of sensory experience for cutaneous electrical stimulation

Jung

Ryu

Park

et al. 2018

NeuroImage: Clinical

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The brain actively interprets sensory inputs by integrating top-down and bottom-up information. Humans can make inferences on somatosensation based on prior experiences and expectations even without the actual stimulation. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural substrates of the expectations of the sensory experience of cutaneous electrical stimulation on acupoint without actual stimuli. This study included 22 participants who wore sticker-type electrodes attached on three different acupoints on different body regions: CV17 (chest), CV23 (chin), and left PC6 (arm). Participants evaluated de qi sensations after they expected electrical stimulation on those points in random order without actual stimulation. All stimuli were presented with corresponding visual information of the stimulation sites. The control condition included the same visual information but outside the body. The expectations of cutaneous electrical stimuli without actual stimulation on three acupoints resulted in greater de qi sensation compared to the control condition. Cognitive components of cutaneous electrical stimulation exhibited greater brain activation in the anterior insula, pre-supplementary motor area, and secondary somatosensory area. The expectations of acupuncture stimulation exhibited a distinct experience of somatosensation as well as brain activations in insula and pre-supplementary motor area. Our findings suggest that the sensory experience of the pseudo-cutaneous stimulation may be derived from the predictive role of the salience network in monitoring internal and external body states.

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More than DeQi: Spatial Patterns of Acupuncture-Induced Bodily Sensations

Cited by 35 publications

References 26 publications

Role of interoceptive accuracy in topographical changes in emotion-induced bodily sensations

Role of interoceptive accuracy in topographical changes in emotion-induced bodily sensations

Spatial Information of Somatosensory Stimuli in the Brain: Multivariate Pattern Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data

Brain activation during the expectations of sensory experience for cutaneous electrical stimulation

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