More than growth: Phytohormone-regulated transcription factors controlling plant immunity, plant development and plant architecture

Berry, Hannah M.; Argueso, Cristiana T.

doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102309

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…While the canonical model of the growth-defense tradeoff assumes these two processes are mutually antagonistic, this idea has been challenged (5), instead favoring a model in which growth and defense are in continual dialogue to ensure plasticity in a fluctuating environment. In agreement with this, activation of plant immunity alters more than growth, leading to changes in plant developmental programs, underscoring the interconnection between development and immunity (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Phytohormones and their associated transcriptional hubs have been proposed as potential targets for plant bioengineering (6, 18, 19). Engineering of plant phytohormone crosstalk has been previously suggested as a way to achieve desired phenotypic outcomes (20), but the pleiotropic nature of phytohormone action and the complexity of crosstalk networks can restrict such efforts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concerted Plant Growth and Defense Through Targeted Phytohormone Crosstalk Modification

Johnston,

Berry,

Kojima

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Plant immunity activation often results in suppression of plant growth, particularly in the case of constitutive immune activation. We discovered that signaling of the phytohormone cytokinin (CK), known to regulate plant growth through the control of cell division and shoot apical meristem (SAM) activity, can be suppressed by negative crosstalk with the defense phytohormones jasmonic acid (JA), and most evidently, salicylic acid (SA). We show that changing the negative crosstalk of SA on CK signaling in autoimmunity mutants by targeted increase of endogenous CK levels results in plants resistant to pathogens from diverse lifestyles, and relieves suppression of reproductive growth. Moreover, such changes in crosstalk result in a novel reproductive growth phenotype, suggesting a role for defense phytohormones in the SAM, likely through regulation of nitrogen response and cellular redox status. Our data suggest that targeted phytohormone crosstalk engineering can be used to achieve increased reproductive growth and pathogen resistance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concerted Plant Growth and Defense Through Targeted Phytohormone Crosstalk Modification

Johnston,

Berry,

Kojima

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Phytohormones mediate both development and defense responses, likely serving as mediators of the tradeoff between growth and defense (Berry & Argueso, 2022). Recent studies demonstrating that growth and defense can be uncoupled, suggest that resource reallocation toward immunity is not the sole factor governing growth inhibition during defense (Campos et al, 2016; Kliebenstein, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TOR coordinates cytokinin and gibberellin signals mediating development and defense

Marash,

Gupta,

Anand

et al. 2023

Plant Cell & Environment

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Plants constantly perceive and process environmental signals and balance between the energetic demands of growth and defense. Growth arrest upon pathogen attack was previously suggested to result from a redirection of the plants' metabolic resources towards the activation of plant defense. The energy sensor Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase is a conserved master coordinator of growth and development in all eukaryotes. Although TOR is positioned at the interface between development and defense, little is known about the mechanisms by which TOR may potentially regulate the relationship between these two modalities. The plant hormones cytokinin (CK) and gibberellin (GA) execute various aspects of plant development and defense. The ratio between CK and GA was reported to determine the outcome of developmental programmes. Here, investigating the interplay between TOR‐mediated development and TOR‐mediated defense in tomato, we found that TOR silencing resulted in rescue of several different aberrant developmental phenotypes, demonstrating that TOR is required for the execution of developmental cues. In parallel, TOR inhibition enhanced immunity in genotypes with a low CK/GA ratio but not in genotypes with a high CK/GA ratio. TOR‐inhibition mediated disease resistance was found to depend on developmental status, and was abolished in strongly morphogenetic leaves, while being strongest in mature, differentiated leaves. CK repressed TOR activity, suggesting that CK‐mediated immunity may rely on TOR downregulation. At the same time, TOR activity was promoted by GA, and TOR silencing reduced GA sensitivity, indicating that GA signalling requires normal TOR activity. Our results demonstrate that TOR likely acts in concert with CK and GA signalling, executing signalling cues in both defense and development. Thus, differential regulation of TOR or TOR‐mediated processes could regulate the required outcome of development‐defense prioritisation.

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“…Plant architecture is considered the most important trait that affects stress resistance and yield ( Guo et al., 2020a ). Although the above-ground parts (green parts) of plants participate vigorously in photosynthesis and transpiration ( Sharma et al., 2021 ), reduction in plant height, leaf width, and length, branching pattern, and even the angles of the leaves have a significant effect on light capturing, photosynthesis, and, finally, the plant’s development and growth ( Berry and Argueso, 2022 ). Moreover, the changes in these traits can directly affect the aptitude of the crops to grow in high-density planting (HDP) systems and their mechanical harvesting at the end ( Huot et al., 2014 ; Berry and Argueso, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the above-ground parts (green parts) of plants participate vigorously in photosynthesis and transpiration ( Sharma et al., 2021 ), reduction in plant height, leaf width, and length, branching pattern, and even the angles of the leaves have a significant effect on light capturing, photosynthesis, and, finally, the plant’s development and growth ( Berry and Argueso, 2022 ). Moreover, the changes in these traits can directly affect the aptitude of the crops to grow in high-density planting (HDP) systems and their mechanical harvesting at the end ( Huot et al., 2014 ; Berry and Argueso, 2022 ). For example, in maize, the sparsely and upright-branched phenotype is better for HDP ( Tian et al., 2019 ); however, in rice, the semi-dwarf phenotype overcomes lodging ( Lo et al., 2017 ; Wang et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulating root system architecture: cross-talk between auxin and phytohormones

Jan,

Muhammad,

Jin

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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Root architecture is an important agronomic trait that plays an essential role in water uptake, soil compactions, nutrient recycling, plant–microbe interactions, and hormone-mediated signaling pathways. Recently, significant advancements have been made in understanding how the complex interactions of phytohormones regulate the dynamic organization of root architecture in crops. Moreover, phytohormones, particularly auxin, act as internal regulators of root development in soil, starting from the early organogenesis to the formation of root hair (RH) through diverse signaling mechanisms. However, a considerable gap remains in understanding the hormonal cross-talk during various developmental stages of roots. This review examines the dynamic aspects of phytohormone signaling, cross-talk mechanisms, and the activation of transcription factors (TFs) throughout various developmental stages of the root life cycle. Understanding these developmental processes, together with hormonal signaling and molecular engineering in crops, can improve our knowledge of root development under various environmental conditions.

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More than growth: Phytohormone-regulated transcription factors controlling plant immunity, plant development and plant architecture

Cited by 29 publications

References 51 publications

Concerted Plant Growth and Defense Through Targeted Phytohormone Crosstalk Modification

Concerted Plant Growth and Defense Through Targeted Phytohormone Crosstalk Modification

TOR coordinates cytokinin and gibberellin signals mediating development and defense

Modulating root system architecture: cross-talk between auxin and phytohormones

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