More than morphology: Differences in food ration drive physiological plasticity in echinoid larvae

Rendleman, Annie Jean; Rodriguez, Janine A.; Ohanian, Alec; Pace, Douglas A.

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2017.12.018

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Rhodomonas spp. provide a suitable diet for robust growth and development in echinoderm larvae (Rendleman, Rodriguez, Ohanian, & Pace, ; Schiopu, George, & Castell, ; Strathmann, ; Stumpp et al., ). Feeding began at 3 and 5 days post‐fertilization (DPF) for larvae of S. purpuratus and C. coronatus , respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morphometric analysis was conducted following the general protocol of Rendleman et al. (). Egg diameter and volume were calculated through analysis of photomicrographs by using fiji software (Schindelin et al., ) calibrated to an image of a stage micrometer taken at the same magnification as the eggs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coordinates of predetermined landmarks (15–27 landmarks per larva, depending on the arm stage; see Supporting Information Appendix S1 for example) were determined using fiji software. Total ciliary band lengths were estimated as the sum of the three‐dimensional distances between landmarks along the body (number of landmarks was adjusted as the larvae developed additional arms) using the following equation (McEdward, ; Rendleman et al., ):

D = {({(x_{1} - x_{2})}^{2} + {(y_{1} - y_{2})}^{2} + {(z_{1} - z_{2})}^{2})}^{0.5}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Daily algal ingestion rates were measured as in Rendleman et al. (). At ~24‐h intervals, three 75‐μl samples were removed from the culture and control vessels by using a 50‐μm Nitex mesh to exclude larvae from the water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rhodomonas sp. concentration was determined using a BD Accuri™ C6 flow cytometer, following established methods (Cucci, Shumway, Brown, & Newell, ; Lizárraga, Danihel, & Pernet, ; Rendleman et al., ; Shumway, Cucci, Lesser, Bourne, & Bunting, ). Algal cells were detected by the flow cytometer by the autofluorescence of chlorophyll in response to a blue laser (488 nm), with emitted light passing through a 585/40 nm filter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiology of growth in typical and transversus echinopluteus larvae

Rendleman

Pace

2018

Invertebrate Biology

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Marine invertebrate larvae are diverse in size and shape. Understanding the functional differences among these larvae and their ecological consequences is critical for understanding the evolution of larval forms and predicting responses to varying environmental conditions. This study compared the growth physiology of two morphologically distinct feeding larvae of echinoid echinoderms: the typical echinopluteus of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, and the less well-known echinopluteus transversus larva of Centrostephanus coronatus. Larvae of both types were reared at 16°C with 20,000 algal cells/ml of food. Despite striking differences in morphology (with late larvae of the two species bearing eight or two arms, respectively), ciliary band length grew at similar rates in both types of larvae. Significant differences between larval types were observed in growth in midline body length and stomach size. Physiologically, the typical echinopluteus larvae of S. purpuratus exhibited higher rates of protein growth, daily ingestion of algae, and aerobic respiration than did the echinopluteus transversus larvae of C. coronatus. The relationships between ingestion rate and ciliary band length or stomach size differed as well, with ingestion rate in larvae of S. purpuratus increasing much more rapidly than that of larvae in C.coronatus in relation to both morphological features. The higher physiological rates in S. purpuratus were not at the expense of increased physiological efficiency: larvae of S. purpuratus had digestive and growth efficiencies that were up to threefold higher than those in larvae of C. coronatus. Taken together, these results demonstrate fundamental differences in performance that go beyond the readily observable differences in morphology of these two larval forms. The reduced physiological capacity and growth efficiency of transversus larvae of C. coronatus provide a physiological basis for their long planktonic duration and possible teleplanktonic dispersal capabilities. The high physiological capacity and efficiency of the typical larvae of S. purpuratus may be adaptive for growing in areas of high seasonal algal abundance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

D = {({(x_{1} - x_{2})}^{2} + {(y_{1} - y_{2})}^{2} + {(z_{1} - z_{2})}^{2})}^{0.5}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Physiology of growth in typical and transversus echinopluteus larvae

Rendleman

Pace

2018

Invertebrate Biology

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Having cake and eating too: The benefits of an intermediate larval form in a brittle star Amphiodia sp. opaque (Ophiuroidea)

Nakata

Emlet

2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Most marine invertebrate larvae either obligately feed or depend on maternally provided reserves during planktonic development. A small number of species have the capacity to do both, in a mode of development known as facultative planktotrophy.We describe facultative feeding in a larva from the Oregon coast, and identify it as being an undescribed species in the genus Amphiodia, which we refer to as Amphiodia sp. opaque. We quantified the effects of food on larval and juvenile quality by culturing larvae, collected as embryos, with and without microalgal food at 15°C. The resulting juveniles were monitored under conditions of starvation. A cohort of juveniles of larvae caught as plankton was subjected to the same starvation treatment for comparison with our laboratory-reared larvae. We observed benefits to offspring that received food: larvae provided with microalgae developed more quickly and metamorphosed at higher rates. Furthermore, juveniles resulting from fed larvae were larger and were able to avoid starvation for longer after metamorphosis. Our results varied across two experimental years, suggesting that provisions provided by parents vary between populations and years. Juveniles from planktonic larvae exhibited sizes not statistically different from larvae cultured in the absence of food, but died from starvation more quickly.

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Shift in bacterial taxa precedes morphological plasticity in a larval echinoid

Carrier

Reitzel

2019

Mar Biol

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Morphological plasticity is an adaptive response to heterogenous environments when a fitness advantage is conferred. Larval sea urchins, for example, increase individual fitness in dilute feeding environments by elongating their feeding structure. Morphological plasticity for larval sea urchins is also coupled with significant shifts in the associated bacterial community, but whether this response occurs before, during, or following the expression of plasticity is unclear. Using the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus, we define the temporal pattern of the associated bacterial community throughout the expression of morphological plasticity. From prefeeding through plasticity, we observed that L. variegatus larvae exhibit a four-stage successional pattern and the relatedness of the larvalassociated bacterial community directly reflects morphological plasticity and does so prior to expression of the environmental-specific morphology. Based on the structure of the larval-associated bacterial communities, the expression of morphological plasticity correlates short-arm larvae deviating from the microbial trajectory of pre-plastic siblings.Taken together, these data suggest that a holobiont may exhibit shifts in the associated bacterial community corresponding with the environmental variation in absence or anticipation of morphological plasticity..

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More than morphology: Differences in food ration drive physiological plasticity in echinoid larvae

Cited by 18 publications

References 79 publications

Physiology of growth in typical and transversus echinopluteus larvae

Physiology of growth in typical and transversus echinopluteus larvae

Having cake and eating too: The benefits of an intermediate larval form in a brittle star Amphiodia sp. opaque (Ophiuroidea)

Shift in bacterial taxa precedes morphological plasticity in a larval echinoid

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