More than sugar in the milk: human milk oligosaccharides as essential bioactive molecules in breast milk and current insight in beneficial effects

Cheng, Lianghui; Akkerman, Renate; Kong, Chunli; Walvoort, Marthe T. C.; Vos, Paul de

doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1754756

Cited by 89 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 172 publications

(209 reference statements)

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“…Most HMOs escape digestion in the small intestine [ 16 ] and progress to the colon acting as decoy molecules binding pathogens and getting metabolised as ‘food’ for the commensal gut bacteria [ 27 ], such as bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria, allowing such bacterial populations to become more abundant [ 28 ]. Besides their prebiotic effect, HMOs also have direct effects on immune cells [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], block the routes of infections [ 30 , 33 ], provide building blocks for the brain [ 34 ], and stimulate intestine barrier functions, as published elsewhere [ 35 ].…”

Section: Oligosaccharides Bacteria and Microbial Metabolites In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant Formula Supplemented with Biotics: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

et al. 2020

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Breastfeeding is natural and the optimal basis of infant nutrition and development, with many benefits for maternal health. Human milk is a dynamic fluid fulfilling an infant’s specific nutritional requirements and guiding the growth, developmental, and physiological processes of the infant. Human milk is considered unique in composition, and it is influenced by several factors, such as maternal diet and health, body composition, and geographic region. Human milk stands as a model for infant formula providing nutritional solutions for infants not able to receive enough mother’s milk. Infant formulas aim to mimic the composition and functionality of human milk by providing ingredients reflecting those of the latest human milk insights, such as oligosaccharides, bacteria, and bacterial metabolites. The objective of this narrative review is to discuss the most recent developments in infant formula with a special focus on human milk oligosaccharides and postbiotics.

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Section: Oligosaccharides Bacteria and Microbial Metabolites In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant Formula Supplemented with Biotics: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

et al. 2020

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“…HMOs form a category of unconjugated, multifunctional, nondigestible, structurally diverse glycans that are unique to humans [ 185 ]. Quantitatively, HMOs represent an approximate 20% of total carbohydrate content of breast milk, and are the third largest solid component, after lactose and fats, amounting to 20–25 g/L in colostrum, and gradually decreasing to 5–15 g/L in mature milk [ 90 , 186 ].…”

Section: A Review Of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (Hmos)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, the link between HMO types and blood groups has been very well elucidated in literature, specifically pertaining to the Lewis blood group antigen [ 185 ]. By definition, blood group antigens are specific carbohydrate structures located on red blood cell surface, and constitute secondary gene products, where the primary gene products are the various glycosyltransferase enzymes that attach sugar molecules to the oligosaccharide chain [ 196 ].…”

Section: A Review Of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (Hmos)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Milk Microbiota and Oligosaccharides: A Glimpse into Benefits, Diversity, and Correlations

Moubareck

2021

Nutrients

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Human milk represents a cornerstone for growth and development of infants, with extensive array of benefits. In addition to exceptionally nutritive and bioactive components, human milk encompasses a complex community of signature bacteria that helps establish infant gut microbiota, contributes to maturation of infant immune system, and competitively interferes with pathogens. Among bioactive constituents of milk, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are particularly significant. These are non-digestible carbohydrates forming the third largest solid component in human milk. Valuable effects of HMOs include shaping intestinal microbiota, imparting antimicrobial effects, developing intestinal barrier, and modulating immune response. Moreover, recent investigations suggest correlations between HMOs and milk microbiota, with complex links possibly existing with environmental factors, genetics, geographical location, and other factors. In this review, and from a physiological and health implications perspective, milk benefits for newborns and mothers are highlighted. From a microbiological perspective, a focused insight into milk microbiota, including origins, diversity, benefits, and effect of maternal diet is presented. From a metabolic perspective, biochemical, physiological, and genetic significance of HMOs, and their probable relations to milk microbiota, are addressed. Ongoing research into mechanistic processes through which the rich biological assets of milk promote development, shaping of microbiota, and immunity is tackled.

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“…Human milk is generally considered to be the best nutritional source for infants, as an increasing amount of research reveals the health effects of a plethora of bioactive components in human milk, including beneficial microbes,[1] immunoglobulins,[2] and human milk oligosaccharides (hMOs). [3, 4] Especially the hMOs have received considerable attention as health-promoting factors over the last decades, as they are shown to affect the development of the infant’s microbiome, promote immune system maturation, and ward off infections by acting as decoy substrates, amongst other effects. [5] Interestingly, hMOs are virtually absent from bovine milk-based infant formulas [6], and as a result, there is a broad interest to produce hMOs with the aim to add them to infant and medical formula.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestion, fermentation, and pathogen anti-adhesive properties of the hMO-mimic di-fucosyl-β-cyclodextrin

Verkhnyatskaya

Kong

Klostermann

et al. 2020

Preprint

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ScopeHuman milk is widely acknowledged as the best food for infants, and that is not just because of nutritional features. Human milk also contains a plethora of bioactive molecules, including a large set of human milk oligosaccharides (hMOs). Especially fucosylated hMOs have received attention for their anti-adhesive effects on pathogens by preventing attachment to the intestinal wall. Because hMOs are generally challenging to produce in sufficient quantities to study and ultimately apply in (medical) infant formula, hMO mimics are interesting compounds to produce and evaluate for their biological effects.Methods and resultsWe investigated the digestion, fermentation, and pathogen anti-adhesive capacity of the novel hMO mimic di-fucosyl-β-cyclodextrin (DFβCD). We establish that DFβCD is not digested by α-amylase and also resists fermentation by the microbiota from a 9 month-old infant. In addition, we reveal that DFβCD blocks adhesion of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) to Caco-2 cells, especially when DFβCD is pre-incubated with ETEC prior to addition to the Caco-2 cells.ConclusionOur results suggests that DFβCD functions through a decoy effect. We expect that our results inspire the generation and biological evaluation of other fucosylated hMOs and mimics, to obtain a comprehensive overview of the anti-adhesive power of fucosylated glycans.

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More than sugar in the milk: human milk oligosaccharides as essential bioactive molecules in breast milk and current insight in beneficial effects

Abstract: de Vos (2020): More than sugar in the milk: human milk oligosaccharides as essential bioactive molecules in breast milk and current insight in beneficial effects, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition,

Cited by 89 publications

References 172 publications

Infant Formula Supplemented with Biotics: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Infant Formula Supplemented with Biotics: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Human Milk Microbiota and Oligosaccharides: A Glimpse into Benefits, Diversity, and Correlations

Digestion, fermentation, and pathogen anti-adhesive properties of the hMO-mimic di-fucosyl-β-cyclodextrin

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