Morfoanatomia e ontogênese do fruto e semente de Byrsonima intermedia A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae)

Abstract

-(Morphology, anatomy, and development of Byrsonima intermedia A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae) fruit and seed). The morphology and anatomy for most of cerrado species are unknown, specially in relation to fruits and seeds. Thus, this work was carried out to analyze the morphology and anatomy of developing fruits and seeds of Byrsonima intermedia, one of the most frequent species of cerrado from São Paulo State. It was verified that the ovary is ovate, superior, tricarpellate and trilocular, with one ovule per locule; the outer epidermis is unisseriate and presents thick cuticle in the apex and thin in the base of the ovary; the mesophyll is multisseriate, parenchymatic and vascularizated; the inner epidermis is unisseriate with cells obliquelly elongated. The ovules are subcampilotropous, bitegmic, with nucellus projecting out of the micropyle; hipostasis and epistasis are observed. During the development of the pericarp, cellular divisions are restricted to the initial phase, occurring prior to the seminal differentiation. The mature fruit is fleshy, with fibrous pyrene forming three locules. The exocarp is unisseriate; the outer mesocarp is parenchymatous; in apical region of the fruit, sclereids occur surrounded by radial arranged parenchyma cells; in inner mesocarp some layers of sclereids occur, elongated in diverse ways; endocarp is multisseriate with the sclereids longitudinally elongated. The meso-endocarpic origin of the lignified regions of the pericarp is not in agreement to the classic definition of the drupoid fruits, that detaches only the wood endocarp. The seed presents reduced integuments and endosperm. The embryo axis is continuous with two cotyledons rolled spirally.Key words -anatomy, development, fruit, morphology, "murici" RESUMO -(Morfoanatomia e ontogênese do fruto e semente de Byrsonima intermedia A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae)). A morfologia e anatomia de muitas espécies do cerrado são desconhecidas, sendo os frutos e sementes ainda menos estudados. Assim, esse trabalho objetivou estudar morfoanatomicamente os frutos e sementes de Byrsonima intermedia, uma das espécies mais freqüentes dos cerrados de São Paulo, descrevendo-os ontogeneticamente. Verificou-se que o ovário é súpero, tricarpelar e trilocular, com um óvulo por lóculo; a epiderme externa é unisseriada, com cutícula espessa no ápice e delgada na base do órgão; o mesofilo ovariano é multisseriado, parenquimático e vascularizado; a epiderme interna é unisseriada, com células que se dividem precocemente. Os óvulos são subcampilótropos, bitegumentados, com nucelo projetado através da micrópila; hipóstase e epístase são observadas. Durante o desenvolvimento do pericarpo, as divisões celulares restringem-se à fase inicial do desenvolvimento, ocorrendo previamente à diferenciação seminal. O fruto maduro é do tipo drupóide, carnoso, com pirênio lenhoso formando três lóculos. O exocarpo é unisseriado; o mesocarpo externo é parenquimático, ocorrendo esclereídes dispersas na região apical do fruto; no mesocarpo interno ocorrem várias camadas...

PYRENE MORPHOLOGY OF THREE SPECIES OF Byrsonima Rich. ex Kunth (Malpighiaceae)1

“…Despite the constancy of traits Seeds of B. verbascifolia are bigger (2.53 to 4.08 x 2.28 to 3.51 x 1.45 to 2.38 mm) compared to the other two species. These dimensions are similar to those observed by Souto and Oliveira (2005), which were 0.22 to 0.43 x 0.21 to 0.35 x 0.13 to 0.24 cm for seeds of B. intermedia. However, seeds of B. coccolobifolia are heavier (0.005 to 0.013 g) than those of B. crassifolia and B. verbascifolia which weighed 0.004 to 0.010 g, similar to those observed by Carvalho and Nascimento (2008), with a weight of 0.003 to 0.037 g in the Açu clone of B. crassifolia.…”

“…intermedia A. Juss. has exalbuminous, obovate seeds, with radicular lobes and hypostasis (SOUTO;OLIVEIRA, 2005), these were also observed in the seeds of three species of Byrsonima studied, except that seed shape ranged from globoid, obovoid to ovoid. The presence of a thin seed coat with corneous consistency on removal from the pyrene is also common in Malpighiaceae (CORNER, 1976;NASCIMENTO, 2008).…”

“…The morphological terminology is based on Corner (1976), Barroso et al (1999), Souto and Oliveira (2005) and Camargo et al (2008). Morphological illustrations of pyrenes and seeds were made visually and from photographs taken with an Opton stereomicroscope with a camera clara, coupled to a Power Samsung MV-800 digital camera.…”

“…Despite their recognized potential in economy and medicine, few Byrsonima species have been studied with respect to the structure of their propagules (SOUTO;OLIVEIRA, 2005). The propagule of these species is a pyrene (BARROSO et al, 1999), popularly called core, which consists of the endocarp and the seeds (CARVALHO et al, 2006).…”

Morfologia de frutos, sementes, plântulas e mudas de Senna multijuga var. lindleyana (Gardner) H. S. Irwin & Barneby - Leguminosae Caesalpinioideae

“…(Araujo et al 2004), Byrsonima intermedia A. Juss. (Souto & Oliveira 2005) e Pilocarpus pennatifolius Lem. (Souza et al 2005), Drimys brasiliensis Miers (Abreu et al 2005), Balfourodendron riedelianum (Engler) Engler (Silva & Paoli 2006), Himatanthus drasticus (Mart.)…”