“…Several groups of decapods, stomatopods, leptostracans and euphausiids possess a stmcture called cincinnuli near the tip ofthe appendix intema, an appendage associated with the endopod of the pleopods, or directly on the endopod (e.g.. Bate, 1888;Tombes & Eoster, 1979;Nicol & Nicol, 1983;Bouchon & Chaigneau, 1991;Ingle, 1992;Martinez & Dupre, 2010). Erom scanning electron microscopy images it can be seen that the cincinnuli comprise an assemblage of several to hundreds of mushroom-or hook-like processes, with varying number and shape according to the taxa, and those from the right and left appendix intema can adhere to each other, possibly enhancing synchronized beats of the paired pleopods (e.g.. Tombes & Eoster, 1979;Pohle & Telford, 1981;Nicol & Nicol, 1983;Bouchon & Chaigneau, 1991).…”