Moringa oleifera Methanolic Extract Induces Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells

Abstract

Background: Moringa oleifera Lam. (Family: Moringaceae), commonly known as 'drumstick tree' is beneficial to obtain sustenance as a food source and applied as a traditional medicine. The therapeutic potential of Moringa oleifera emphasizes on the inhibition of cancer proliferation and its versatile applications in Pharmacology which provide novel by-products and nutritive dietary supplements for human consumption. The objective of the present study is to investigate the efficacy of M. oleifera leaves methanolic extract (MOME) against the invasive breast cancer cell lines such as T-47D and MDA-MB-231. Materials and Methods: The different concentrations of MOME were cultured individually with breast cancer cells, T-47D and MDA-MB-231. The cell viability was determined after 24 hrs of treatment using MTT Assay (-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) to analyse the anti-proliferative effect of MOME on cell lines, T-47D and MDA-MB-231. The cell cycle assay and apoptosis were evaluated by Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit, followed by the analysis through Attune flow cytometer. Results: The IC 50 values of MOME in T-47 D and MDA-MB231 were found 45.33 ± 5.2 µg/mL and 24.44 ± 3 µg/mL, respectively. The G2M phase population exhibited an increase of 60.4% in MOME treated T-47D cells and 11.6% in MDA-MB231 cells. The population of early apoptosis cells increased to 37.1% in MOME treated cells. The time and dose dependent treatment with MOME inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis in T-47D and MDA-MB-231 cells. The externalization of phosphatidylserine on membrane of T-47D and MDA-MB-231 cells confirmed the apoptosis. Conclusion:These findings suggest that MOME actively contributes to cell cycle arrest and inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner; thus, evaluated as the first report of apoptosis induced in triple negative breast cancer cells by MOME. The cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase depicted G2/M enrichment to emphasize on the efficacy of MOME, thus representing as an ideal anti-cancer agent against human breast cancer cells. The dose-dependent methanolic extract of leaves of M. oleifera was found as a promising antiproliferating agent against the invasive breast cancer cells.

Calotropis gigantea stem bark extract activates HepG2 cell apoptosis through ROS and its effect on cytochrome P450

“…The total cardiac glycoside, total triterpenoid and total phenolic contents of the tested samples were determined by colorimetric assay following the reported protocols [ [19] , [20] , [21] ]. In each fraction, the calactin and calotropin contents were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) reported in previous studies [ 10 , 22 ], which was slightly modified from the protocol described by Kharat and Kharat [ 9 ].…”

“…The contents of calotropin and calactin in four tested samples were measured by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the same protocols as our previous studies [ 10 , 22 ], which were slightly modified from the method described by Kharat and Kharat [ 9 ]. Briefly, the test samples (5 mg/mL) were dissolved in methanol and then injected (20 μL) into the HPLC system (Shimadzu pump LC-10ATvp, Japan) by using an ultraviolet/visible detector at 222 nm.…”

“…The root extracts of C. gigantea possess a higher level of effective antiproliferation after treatment in breast cancer T47D cells than the leaf and flower extracts [ 8 ]. The extracts from the leaves and stems of C. gigantea triggered apoptosis in MCF-7 cells [ 9 ]. Several underlying pathways of the anticancer action of C. gigantea have been reported.…”

An updated pharmacological insight into calotropin as a potential therapeutic agent in cancer

“…Calotropin also induces apoptosis in breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines, by modulating the phosphatidylserine gene, DNA disintegration, and G2/cell cycle arrest. Also, this treatment increased the expression of Bax/Bak1 and significantly reduced Bcl-2 expression, so this ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 plays an important role in determining apoptosis ( Kharat and Kharat, 2019 ) ( Figure 1 ).…”

Combination of ethyl acetate fraction from Calotropis gigantea stem bark and sorafenib induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells

“…The leaves and stem methanolic extract of C . gigantea triggered apoptosis by elevating the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins in human breast cancer cells [ 16 ]. Furthermore, C .…”