Morningness–eveningness and intrasexual competition in men

Ponzi, Davidé; Henry, Andrea; Kubicki, Konrad; Nickels, Nora; Wilson, M. Claire; Maestripieri, Dario

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.023

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The intrasexual competition scale was chosen as a result of considerable empirical support demonstrating it to be a valid measure of intrasexual competition (i.e. Arnocky et al, 2014; Buunk and Fisher, 2009; Buunk and Massar, 2012; Lereya et al, 2014; Ponzi et al, 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrasexual competition as a potential influence on anabolic-androgenic steroid use initiation

2017

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An estimated 293,000 people living in the UK have used Anabolic-androgenic steroids.However, there is currently no intervention to reduce usage available in practice, or academic circulation throughout the UK. This study aimed to test a novel hypothesis that increased levels of intrasexual competition may play an important influential role in the use of AASs.Significantly higher levels of intrasexual competition were evident in users compared to nonusers but only in the novice group (0-2 years' experience). The research provides evidence for intrasexual competition potentially influencing AAS use but only during the initial stages of usage.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrasexual competition as a potential influence on anabolic-androgenic steroid use initiation

2017

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“…By facing the nocturnal risks, they could have served as guards for their significant others asleep (i.e., kin selection; Gardner et al, 2011 ), or they could have displayed to potential mates their survival qualities despite the handicap of vulnerability in the darkness (i.e., costly signaling in sexual selection; Grafen, 1990 ; Zahavi and Zahavi, 1999 ). Indeed, empirical studies indicate that chronotype variation leads to sleep asynchrony which function as protective night-time vigilance by having evening-oriented individuals as sentinels ( Samson et al, 2017 ), and the sexual selection have also influenced the eveningness chronotype ( Piffer, 2010 ; Randler et al, 2012b ; Putilov, 2014 ; Ponzi et al, 2015a , b ). Moreover, for protective reasons, the herd principle of ‘security in numbers,’ which is for instance used as rows of nearby sleepers to insure night-time safety by Aboriginal settlements ( Musharbash, 2013 ), as well as the equivalent many eyes hypothesis that is a predator-avoidance strategy which facilitates mixed-species bird flocking ( Krams et al, 2020 ), could have been recurrently used in ancestral times, so much so that it would have selected for evening-oriented individuals to be gregarious, prioritizing social agglomerations.…”

Section: Night-time Adaptive Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In combination with viability selection pressures (i.e., survival), part of the evidence compiled above also supports the influence of sexual selection on the evening-oriented chronotype (cf. Piffer, 2010 ; Randler et al, 2012b ; Putilov, 2014 ; Ponzi et al, 2015a , b ). More generally, the findings presented reflect a well-established ‘fast’ or ‘slow’ pattern of individual-level life history variation ( Del Giudice et al, 2016 ; Del Giudice, 2020 ; Nettle and Frankenhuis, 2020 ), namely, a tradeoff between investing in immediate rewards and short-term mating vs. in parenting, longevity and health ( Sherman et al, 2013 ; Ponzi et al, 2015b ; Marvel-Coen et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Sexual Selection For Eveningness and Fast Life History Stratmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evening-oriented individuals cross-culturally exhibit higher tendencies for short-term mating and, indeed, have more casual sex ( Cross, 2010 ; Piffer, 2010 ; Gunawardane et al, 2011 ; Ponzi et al, 2015b ; Matchock, 2018 ; Díaz-Morales et al, 2019 ). Evening-type men are more flirtatious in the later part of the day ( Gunawardane et al, 2011 ), have a higher propensity to stay out late ( Randler et al, 2012b ), and have higher intrasexual competition tendencies ( Ponzi et al, 2015a ). Evening-orientation is related to higher testosterone in men ( Randler et al, 2012a ), and testosterone also coordinates life history strategies across species ( Luoto et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Sexual Selection For Eveningness and Fast Life History Stratmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 Pandemic on Fire: Evolved Propensities for Nocturnal Activities as a Liability Against Epidemiological Control

et al. 2021

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Humans have been using fire for hundreds of millennia, creating an ancestral expansion toward the nocturnal niche. The new adaptive challenges faced at night were recurrent enough to amplify existing psychological variation in our species. Night-time is dangerous and mysterious, so it selects for individuals with higher tendencies for paranoia, risk-taking, and sociability (because of security in numbers). During night-time, individuals are generally tired and show decreased self-control and increased impulsive behaviors. The lower visibility during night-time favors the partial concealment of identity and opens more opportunities for disinhibition of self-interested behaviors. Indeed, individuals with an evening-oriented chronotype are more paranoid, risk-taking, extraverted, impulsive, promiscuous, and have higher antisocial personality traits. However, under some circumstances, such as respiratory pandemics, the psychobehavioral traits favored by the nocturnal niche might be counter-productive, increasing contagion rates of a disease that can evade the behavioral immune system because its disease cues are often nonexistent or mild. The eveningness epidemiological liability hypothesis presented here suggests that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the evening-oriented psychobehavioral profile can have collectively harmful consequences: there is a clash of core tendencies between the nocturnal chronotype and the recent viral transmission-mitigating safety guidelines and rules. The pandemic safety protocols disrupt much normal social activity, particularly at night when making new social contacts is desired. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is contagious even in presymptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, which enables it to mostly evade our evolved contagious disease avoidance mechanisms. A growing body of research has indirectly shown that individual traits interfering with social distancing and anti-contagion measures are related to those of the nocturnal chronotype. Indeed, some of the social contexts that have been identified as superspreading events occur at night, such as in restaurants, bars, and nightclubs. Furthermore, nocturnal environmental conditions favor the survival of the SARS-CoV-2 virus much longer than daytime conditions. We compare the eveningness epidemiological liability hypothesis with other factors related to non-compliance with pandemic safety protocols, namely sex, age, and life history. Although there is not yet a direct link between the nocturnal chronotype and non-compliance with pandemic safety protocols, security measures and future empirical research should take this crucial evolutionary mismatch and adaptive metaproblem into account, and focus on how to avoid nocturnal individuals becoming superspreaders, offering secure alternatives for nocturnal social activities.

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“…There is considerable empirical support demonstrating validity of the ICS as a measurement of intrasexual competition (i.e. Arnocky et al, 2014;Buunk and Fisher, 2009;Buunk and Massar, 2012;Lereya et al, 2014;Ponzi et al, 2015).…”

Section: Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of the drunkest: The relationship between intrasexual competition and excessive alcohol consumption by university students.

Harris

Jones

Brown

2019

Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences

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Recent evidence has highlighted intrasexual competition as a potential influence on anabolic androgenic steroid use, however the potential impact on other substance use behaviours is yet to be explored. This study examined the potential role of intrasexual competition on alcohol consumption, in an environment where excessive consumption is the socially desirable norm, at university. In total, N=223 university students were recruited from a single university in Wales, United Kingdom, and a series of between subject's one-way ANOVAs were run to determine the relationship between alcohol consumption (AUDIT) and Intrasexual Competition (Intrasexual Competition Scale). There was a significant positive association between self-reported alcohol use and levels of intrasexual competition. Further analysis identified this relationship was exclusive to those who did not participate in university sport.The findings of the current study provide further evidence for intrasexual competition as a potential influence on substance use behaviours and highlights sports participation may be protective against this relationship.

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Morningness–eveningness and intrasexual competition in men

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Intrasexual competition as a potential influence on anabolic-androgenic steroid use initiation

Intrasexual competition as a potential influence on anabolic-androgenic steroid use initiation

COVID-19 Pandemic on Fire: Evolved Propensities for Nocturnal Activities as a Liability Against Epidemiological Control

Survival of the drunkest: The relationship between intrasexual competition and excessive alcohol consumption by university students.

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