Morningness–eveningness questionnaire score and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

"Morningness" and "Eveningness" represent lifestyle patterns including sleep-wake patterns. Although previous studies described a relationship between the morningness-eveningness trait and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the mechanism underlying this association remains unknown. The study participants comprised 725 Japanese T2DM outpatients free of history of cardiovascular diseases. Various lifestyles were analyzed using self-reported questionnaires, including morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ). The relationships between morningness-eveningness trait and various biochemical parameters were investigated by linear regression analysis and logistic regression analysis. We classified the study patients into three groups, morning type (n=117), neither type (n=424) and evening type (n=184). Subjects of the evening type had high levels of alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level in a model adjusted for age and gender. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that the evening type was associated with high HbA1c and estimated glomerular filtration rate even after adjustment for other lifestyle factors known to affect metabolic control. The results suggest that T2DM patients with eveningness trait are under inadequate metabolic control independent of other lifestyle factors. Thus, the evening trait of T2DM patients represents an important target for intervention to ensure appropriate metabolic function.

Relationships between lifestyle patterns and cardio-renal-metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study

“…Previous studies demonstrated that evening type individuals tend to have unhealthy eating habits, behavioral health problems, and sleep complains more than morning type subjects [12,13]. More recently, we found inadequate glycemic control in evening type patients with T2DM [14] [15]. These findings suggest that evening type individuals potentially have impaired metabolism by abnormal circadian rhythm.…”

Later chronotype is associated with higher hemoglobin A1c in prediabetes patients

“…However, in the Nurses' Health Study 2 involving 64 615 women followed for 6 years, later chronotypes were not a risk factor for type 2 diabetes while early chronotypes had a 13% reduction in risk compared to intermediate chronotypes (Vetter et al, 2015). Among patients with type 2 diabetes, later chronotypes and evening preferences have been found to be associated with poorer glycemic control (Osonoi et al, 2014;Reutrakul et al, 2013). These data demonstrate the contribution of circadian regulation on glucose metabolism.…”

Eveningness is associated with higher risk-taking in dangerous driving situations

“…Chronotype, or morningness-eveningness preference, has been consistently linked to physical health (Merikanto et al, 2013;Osonoi et al, 2014), mental health (Drennan et al, 1991;Wood et al, 2009), personality traits (Caci et al, 2005;Tonetti et al, 2010), self-control (Digdon & Howell, 2008;Milfont & Schwarzenthal, 2014), etc. More recently, a growing body of research has shown that morningness-eveningness is associated with risk-taking behavior (Killgore, 2007;Ponzi et al, 2014;Wang & Chartrand, 2015).…”