Morphine and 6-acetylmorphine concentrations in blood, brain, spinal cord, bone marrow and bone after lethal acute or chronic diacetylmorphine administration to mice

Guillot, Emmanuelle; Mazancourt, Philippe de; Durigon, Michel; Alvarez, Jean‐Claude

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.03.029

Cited by 53 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Very few studies have investigated the presence of pharmaceutical or veterinary agents in bone [23,202]. Yet numerous illicit drugs have been detected as part of toxicological and forensic analysis [203][204][205][206].…”

Section: Analysis Of Bone Bone Marrow and Synovial Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to its lipid content and rich vascular supply, compounds present in the bloodstream should readily diffuse into bone marrow [207], especially lipophilic compounds such as NSAIDs [208]. Marrow is housed inside the bone, and as such, any incorporated residues should have some degree of protection against environmental decomposition and contamination [202]. Noguchi et al (1978) [207] analysed dried bone marrow from a severely decomposed body.…”

Section: Analysis Of Bone Bone Marrow and Synovial Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Merging Wildlife and Environmental Monitoring Approaches with Forensic Principles: Application of Unconventional and Non-Invasive Sampling in Eco- Pharmacovigilance

Richards¹

2014

J Forensic Res

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Pharmaceutical residues in the environment have the potential to harm wildlife. A population's fragility or an animal's secretive nature may preclude capture and the use of invasive/destructive sampling techniques that are typically used in a risk assessment. Conventionally favoured matrices gathered opportunistically from carcasses have a finite lifespan, thereby limiting the detection window. This multidisciplinary paper aims to promote the use of non-invasive approaches and optimize use of even the most degraded carcasses. We highlight a selection of promising alternative, unconventional and underutilized sample types that could be applied in environmental monitoring efforts and wildlife forensic investigations. With a focus on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), now under increasing scrutiny in the freshwater and terrestrial environment, we first illustrate current sampling practices and gaps in knowledge by summarizing exposure of: 1) aquatic organisms to urban effluent discharged into waterways, and, 2) scavenging species to veterinary residues in livestock and other carrion. We then consider the merits and limitations of a range of alternative environmentally robust sample options that offer a broader detection interval for NSAIDs, with emphasis on hair, wool and feathers. The viability of eyes/ocular material, bone matter, fecal matter, injection sites, ingesta/pellets and scavenging/coprophagous insects are also discussed.

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Section: Analysis Of Bone Bone Marrow and Synovial Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Of Bone Bone Marrow and Synovial Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Merging Wildlife and Environmental Monitoring Approaches with Forensic Principles: Application of Unconventional and Non-Invasive Sampling in Eco- Pharmacovigilance

Richards¹

2014

J Forensic Res

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“…With increasing postmortem interval and depending on conservation conditions, BM samples can become dark and lose integrity [3,21], resulting in a brown oily liquid. They can also become adipocerous by saponification [52,53] or dry into brownish or yellowish powder [54][55][56]. Overall, BM has been found suitable for toxicological analysis in human corpses up to 5 years after death [57].…”

Section: Age-related Involutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various methods were described involving mechanical techniques (ultrasonication or homogenizer) or agitation, heating, and maceration in extraction medium. Lipid removal can be achieved by an additional hexane wash of the final extract [3,22,24,59,60] or by multi-step extraction as proposed by Guillot et al for the quantification of morphine and 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM) [54]. A solid-phase extraction process was successfully applied to BM analysis in other studies [29,30,49,56,61].…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-art of bone marrow analysis in forensic toxicology: a review

et al. 2010

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Although blood is the reference medium in the field of forensic toxicology, alternative matrices are required in case of limited, unavailable or unusable blood samples. The present review investigated the suitability of bone marrow (BM) as an alternative matrix to characterize xenobiotic consumption and its influence on the occurrence of death. Basic data on BM physiology are reported in order to highlight the specificities of this matrix and their analytical and toxicokinetic consequences. A review of case reports, animal and human studies involving BM sample analysis focuses on the various parameters of interpretation of toxicological results: analytic limits, sampling location, pharmacokinetics, blood/BM concentration correlation, stability and postmortem redistribution. Tables summarizing the analytical conditions and quantification of 45 compounds from BM samples provide a useful tool for toxicologists. A specific section devoted to ethanol shows that, despite successful quantification, interpretation is highly dependent on postmortem interval. In conclusion, BM is an interesting alternative matrix, and further experimental data and validated assays are required to confirm its great potential relevance in forensic toxicology.

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“…The quantitative methods for the determination of opiates in postmortem specimens have been described in the scientific literature. The use of gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [11][12][13][14] and liquid-chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [15][16][17] was reported by several authors. The most commonly used sample preparation techniques have included liquid-liquid extraction [13,14] and solid-phase extraction [11,12,[15][16][17] procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avaliação da redistribuição postmortem de opiáceos através de determinação em humor vítreo e sangue cardíaco e periférico humanos

Sanches¹

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Morphine and 6-acetylmorphine concentrations in blood, brain, spinal cord, bone marrow and bone after lethal acute or chronic diacetylmorphine administration to mice

Cited by 53 publications

References 22 publications

Merging Wildlife and Environmental Monitoring Approaches with Forensic Principles: Application of Unconventional and Non-Invasive Sampling in Eco- Pharmacovigilance

Merging Wildlife and Environmental Monitoring Approaches with Forensic Principles: Application of Unconventional and Non-Invasive Sampling in Eco- Pharmacovigilance

State-of-the-art of bone marrow analysis in forensic toxicology: a review

Avaliação da redistribuição postmortem de opiáceos através de determinação em humor vítreo e sangue cardíaco e periférico humanos

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