Morpho-agronomical Diversity in Some Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Cultivars under Drought Stress Conditions

Abstract

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a survivor crop. It is one of the most important oilseed crops. Despite of its tolerance, drought is one of the most important environmental factors that limit sesame production. Iran has an arid and semi-arid climate and very fertile lands for agriculture that the main factor limiting production is their lack of water. In this study, the experimental treatments consisted of irrigation levels as the main plot at four levels and fifteen cultivars of Sesame as the subplot was considered. Morpho-agronomic traits such as plant height, number of capsules per plant, seed number/capsules, weight of 1000 seeds, number of branches, grain yield, number of leaves per plant, biomass, and oil content were recorded. The study of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences at P<0.01and P<0.05 among cultivars and irrigation levels for all traits. Results of Duncan's test indicated that Darab14, TS3, Halil, Yellow, white and JL13 cultivars were found to be the best cultivars for normal and drought stress conditions. Genetic diversity was also studied based on various Morpho-agronomical traits using analysis of cluster and principal component analysis among studied cultivars. Analysis of cluster indicated that the

Identifying Traits Associated With Terminal Drought Tolerance in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes

“…SWP was strongly related to NBP, LA, LDW, TDM, PST, CT, and HI under WW and WS, indicating that these traits directly affect sesame SWP. These results are in line with the findings of previous studies (Gharib-Eshghi et al, 2016;Anastasi et al, 2017;Saljooghianpour and Javadzadeh, 2018). A stronger relationship with NBP and NCP indicates that these are important secondary traits contributing to the final SWP of sesame.…”

“…The phenotypic and genetic variability of these Indian genotypes for drought adaptability has not yet been estimated using multivariate analysis techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). However, these techniques have been employed in other crops (Gharib-Eshghi et al, 2016;Iqbal et al, 2018;Saljooghianpour and Javadzadeh, 2018) to establish relationships among genotypes, identify superior genotypes (Tabrizi et al, 2011;Dudhe et al, 2018), and explore genotypic diversity (Dudhe et al, 2019). CA has also been used to cluster accessions with similar characteristics into homogenous categories in multidimensional space.…”

Assessment of agro-morphological traits and yield-based tolerance indices in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes under drought stress

“…However, G05, G01, G04, and G11genotypes with 6.88, 6.85, 6.81, and 6.56 g had the highest yield per plant under drought stress, respectively. Previous studies on sesame under drought stress revealed a significant reduction in yield per plant and other agro-morphological traits, in line with our results (Kim et al 2006;Ozkan and Kulak 2013;Saljooghianpour and Javadzadeh 2018). Overall, significant variations for yield and other morphological traits were observed among sesame genotype under both drought and normal conditions.…”

“…The number of capsules was also significantly correlated with the plant height and capsule diameter (p<0.05). Similarly, significant positive correlations of seed yield with plant height, the number of capsules, and the number of seeds per capsule were reported by Saljooghianpour and Javadzadeh (2018). Secondary traits that show a high positive correlation with seed yield are preferred for selection under drought stress (Roy and Basu 2009).…”

“…However, the seed yield of sesame is significantly reduced under drought stress, especially at flowering stage (Golestani and Pakniyat 2015;Islam et al 2016;Dossa et al 2019). Severe drought has been reported to considerably diminish seed quality and yield of sesame by reducing the number of capsules and the number of seeds per capsule (Golestani and Pakniyat 2015;Saljooghianpour and Javadzadeh 2018;Kouighat et al 2021). Since the most critical issue in crop production is a good and stable yield under stress conditions (Bhargava and Sawant 2013).…”