Morpho-anatomical features of the leaves of the mediterranean geophyteUrginea maritima (L) baker (Liliaceae)

Al-Tardeh, Sharaf; Sawidis, Thomas; Diannelidis, B. E.; Delivopoulos, Stylianos G.

doi:10.1007/bf03030725

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In addition, there is a possibility that some storage proteins act as a temporary store for nitrogen in several perennial species (Bewley 2002;S. This optimization occurs by protecting the plant from environmental hazards and herbivores and by abundant production of nutrients over a short period (rainy season; Al-Tardeh et al 2007). It is also a deciduous plant possessing leaves with mesophytic characters that optimize its adaptation to the seasonal fluctuation of the environmental conditions of the Mediterranean climate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, this prevents the risks of long seed exposure to environmental hazards and allows for the exploitation of pollinators during autumn (Dafni et al 1981;De Hertogh and Le Nard 1993;Al-Tardeh et al 2007). In the hysteranthous geophytes of Crocus type, such as Crocus, Merendera, Colchicum, and Sternberhia, the capsula is kept below the ground level during the winter and is protected from winter damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, we conducted detailed studies on the anatomical features of the roots (Al-Tardeh et al 2006) and the leaves (Al-Tardeh et al 2007) of U. maritima as adaptive strategies for this species to the Mediterranean climate. In this study, we examine the water content and allocation patterns of reserves in the bulb parts of U. maritima to gain a better understanding of aspects of this species' life history such as maintenance, growth, and reproduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water content and reserve allocation patterns within the bulb of the perennial geophyte red squill (Liliaceae) in relation to the Mediterranean climate

Al-Tardeh

Sawidis

Diannelidis

et al. 2008

Botany

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The patterns of water content and reserve allocation in the bulb parts of red squill (Urginea maritima (L.) Baker) and the plant's adaptive strategy to Mediterranean climate (Crete, Greece) were investigated. The different bulb parts serve varying ecological functions in terms of their resources and their importance for these functions. The basal plate is the active centre, developing one or two apical meristems and roots in autumn, as well as the flowering bud in late summer. The middle of the bulb (approximately the third bulb scale) stores the resources and the tunics (the outer covering structures) that provide mechanical defense. The water content and reserve allocation patterns synchronize the plant's phenological development with the seasonality of the Mediterranean climate. The adaptive strategies are based on the development of a deciduous semisubterranean life form primarily for the avoidance of drought, herbivores, and other environmental hazards, as well as nutrient shortage. The presence of cells containing lipids, polysaccharides, raphides, water, mucilage, bufadienolides, the presence of sclerenchyma, the tightly packed epidermis, and the presence of the tunics facilitate this.Résumé : Les auteurs ont examiné les patrons de teneur en eau et l'allocation des réserves dans les parties du bulbe du Urginea maritima (L.) Baker, ainsi que les stratégies d'adaptation de la plante au climat méditerranéen (Crête, Grèce). Les différentes parties du bulbe servent différentes fonctions écologiques, en termes de ressource et de leur importance pour ces fonctions. La plaque basale constitue le centre d'activité, développant à l'automne un ou deux méristèmes et des racines, ainsi que le bourgeon floral à la fin de l'été. Le milieu du bulbe (environ la troisième écaille du bulbe) emmagasine les ressources, et les tuniques (structures enveloppantes externes) servent à la défense. La teneur en eau et les patrons d'allocation des réserves synchronisent le développement phénologique de la plante selon le caractère saisonnier du climat méditerranéen. Les stratégies d'adaptation reposent sur le développement d'une forme vitale décidue semi-souterraine, surtout pour éviter la sécheresse, les herbivores et les autres aléas environnementaux, ainsi que l'emmagasinage des nutriments. Ceci est facilité par la présence de cellules contenant des lipides, polysaccharides, raphides, eau, mucilage, bufadienolides, la présence de sclérenchymes, l'épiderme bien serré et la présence de tuniques.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water content and reserve allocation patterns within the bulb of the perennial geophyte red squill (Liliaceae) in relation to the Mediterranean climate

Al-Tardeh

Sawidis

Diannelidis

et al. 2008

Botany

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“…Bundles of raphides usually occur in cells of U. maritima roots (Al-Tardeh et al 2006), leaves (Al-Tardeh et al 2008b), bulb parts (Al-Tardeh et al 2008a), subsidiary tissue (Figs. 6, 13, and 28), and the ovary wall (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Competition for pollinators is regarded as a possible selective pressure leading to the shift of flowering season from spring (the main flowering season under Mediterranean conditions) to autumn, as it occurs in some geophytes with hysteranthous leaves, which include U. maritima (Dafni et al 1981;Al-Tardeh et al 2008b). The latter exposes to the pollinators both its pollen and nectar with sugar concentrations ranging from 10% to 75% (Dafni and Dukas 1986) to attract different pollinators (Corbet 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nectary structure and nectar presentation in the Mediterranean geophyte,Urginea maritima(Hyacinthaceae)

Al-Tardeh

Sawidis

Diannelidis

et al. 2008

Botany

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The morphology, anatomy, and ultrastructure of the floral nectary of Urginea maritima (L.) Baker were investigated at three stages of nectary development. The plant possesses a typical gynopleural (septal) nectary with secondary presentation. The nectary consists of one layer of epithelium secretory cells and one to four layers of subsidiary cells subtended by two to six layers of parenchyma (subnectary) cells. The nectary releases the nectar at a point two-thirds towards the summit of the ovary by means of carpellary sutures. Nectar secretion appears to depend largely on the hydrolysis of starch grains stored in amyloplasts at the intermediate stage. The hydrolysis process most likely commences in the epithelium layer followed by the subsidiary tissue and then the parenchyma cells of the ovary wall. A symplastic transfer of the secreted nectar occurs by plasmodesmata connecting the subsidiary cells to the parenchyma and the epithelial secretory cells. However, microchannels in the cell wall of the epithelial cells may facilitate the apoplastic transfer of the nectar into the nectary cavity. The old stage of nectary development is characterized by a crystallized form of nectar, collapse of the parenchyma cells, complete starch hydrolysis, and disappearance of the amyloplasts and endoplasmic reticulum.Résumé : Les auteurs ont étudié la morphologie, l'anatomie et l'ultrastructure des nectaires floraux de l'Urginea maritima (L.) Baker, à trois stades du développement des nectaires. La plante possède un nectaire (septé) gynopleural typique avec présentation secondaire. Le nectaire comporte une couche épithéliale de cellules sécrétrices et 1-4 couches de cellules subsidiaires sous-tendues par 2-6 couches de cellules de parenchyme (sous-nectaire). Les nectaires relâchent le nectar à un point situé aux deux tiers vers le sommet de l'ovaire, au moyen de structures carpellaires. La sécrétion du nectar semble dépendre de l'hydrolyse de grains d'amidon en réserve dans des amyloplastes au stade intermédiaire. Le processus d'hydrolyse commence vraisemblablement dans la couche épithéliale, suivi du tissu subsidiaire et par après des cellules de parenchyme de la paroi ovarienne. On observe un transfert symplastique du nectar sécrété par des plasmodesmes reliant les cellules subsidiaires au parenchyme et aux cellules épithéliales. Cependant, des microcanaux dans la paroi cellulaire des cellules épithéliales pourraient faciliter le transfert apoplastique du nectar dans la cavité à nectar. Le dernier stade du déve-loppement des nectaires se caractérise par une forme cristalline de nectar, un affaissement des cellules de parenchyme, une hydrolyse complète de l'amidon et une disparition des amyloplastes et du réticulum endoplasmique.

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Biochemical profile of non-enzymatic stress markers in the plant species “Urginea maritima” in a Mediterranean natural reserve exposed to oxidative stress

Khairallah

Houri

Osta

et al. 2018

Environ Monit Assess

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Protected areas decrease degrading natural ecosystems due to pollution such as air pollution. In 1981, the inhabitants founded Bentael natural reserve in Byblos, Lebanon, to secure their region against urbanization projects, like the recently constructed road that threatens the biodiversity of the reserve. This study was conducted to determine the oxidative stress resulting from this pollution and that menaces 360 floral species among them a rare species "Urginea maritima." In this research, the biomonitoring approach was experienced to assess the oxidative stress. Biomonitoring possesses has the advantage to be low cost and a constructive method to generate valuable data for further examinations. The studied parameters were air pollutants, ascorbic acid, photosynthetic pigments, leave's pH, relative water content, proline, carbohydrates, and hydrogen peroxide, in three chosen spots, near the pollution source (P1), opposite the latter spot (P2), and in an area relatively far from the source of contamination and which was chosen as the control site (Ctrl). The results showed in P1 detection of air pollutants higher of about 80% than in Ctrl, modifications in stress markers: increased concentration of the reactive oxygen species "hydrogen peroxide," rise in the concentration of the osmoregulator amino acid "proline," and depletion in chlorophyll content, in contrast to an increase in pheophytin. All these findings can be exploited as early diagnosis of air pollution and confirmed the ability to use such biomonitor ("Urginea maritima") as a way to assess the environmental pollution levels and consequently affirm the danger of such landscape activities on natural reserves.

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Morpho-anatomical features of the leaves of the mediterranean geophyteUrginea maritima (L) baker (Liliaceae)

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Water content and reserve allocation patterns within the bulb of the perennial geophyte red squill (Liliaceae) in relation to the Mediterranean climate

Water content and reserve allocation patterns within the bulb of the perennial geophyte red squill (Liliaceae) in relation to the Mediterranean climate

Nectary structure and nectar presentation in the Mediterranean geophyte,Urginea maritima(Hyacinthaceae)

Biochemical profile of non-enzymatic stress markers in the plant species “Urginea maritima” in a Mediterranean natural reserve exposed to oxidative stress

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