Morphoecological Peculiarities of Pelvis in Several Genera of Rails with Some notes On systematic Position Of The Coot, Fulica Atra (Rallidae, Gruiformes)

Bogdanovich, I. A.

doi:10.2478/vzoo-2014-0028

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Narrowing of the pelvis occurs due to convergence of femoral heads to the body axis (Bogdanovich, , ; Kurochkin, ). Relative elongation of the postacetabular over preacetabular region of pelvis is typical for waterfowl (Raikow, ) and is explained, from the functional point of view, by location of most of the pelvic organs more caudally behind the center of gravity that is essential for the effective functioning of pelvic limbs during swimming (Bogdanovich, ). It is noteworthy that the length of eggs in diving birds is about 50–60% of iliac length.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size and shape correlation of birds' pelvis and egg: Impact of developmental mode, habitat, and phylogeny

Shatkovska

Ghazali

Mytiai

et al. 2018

Journal of Morphology

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While eggs shapes and sizes have been subject of many studies, we still know little about factors affecting these characteristics of birds' eggs. We revealed that shapes of pelvis and egg correlated less than their respective sizes. Egg measurements (length or diameter) scaled with negative allometry against pelvis size, that is, eggs become relatively larger with decreasing pelvis size. Studied birds with altricial developmental mode had on average the smallest pelvic dimensions and the largest relative size of eggs. However, this is due to the effect of small pelvis size (and body as a whole) of most altricials. At the similar size of the pelvis, birds with altricial developmental mode had a smaller relative size of eggs than their precocial counterparts. Correlation between the shape of egg and pelvis is affected by habitat. Narrow pelvis with an elongated postacetabular region correlated with elongated eggs in diving waterfowl. In raptorial birds, the relatively wide pelvis with the shortened postacetabular region correlated with the nearly rounded shape of eggs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size and shape correlation of birds' pelvis and egg: Impact of developmental mode, habitat, and phylogeny

Shatkovska

Ghazali

Mytiai

et al. 2018

Journal of Morphology

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“…Although studied in some groups, e.g. rails (Gruiformes; Bogdanovich, ), the morphological variation of pelvic bones has yet to be studied systematically in birds. The allometric relationships between the pelvic bones and body mass have been reported for a wide range of species as part of a wider study of the factors affecting functional morphology of the pelvic limb (Stoessel et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of phylogeny and locomotor style on the allometry of body mass and pelvic dimensions in birds

2017

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The pelvic girdle provides physical support and attachment for the hind limb musculature. In birds there is variability in pelvic morphology across different orders and this has been used as evidence for various types of locomotion. However, the morphological variation of pelvic bones has yet to be studied systematically in birds. Therefore, we investigated basic allometric relationships among female body mass (as a size proxy) and various pelvic measurements in a phylogenetic context. We also examined in detail the inter-relationships among various pelvic measurements. Also considered were the effects of broader taxonomic relationships at the level of order, with further examination of the influence of style of terrestrial locomotion on the allometric relationships. Positive relationships were initially found among all pelvic linear measurements and female body mass (FBM). The relationships among measures of pelvic width and FBM were isometric, whereas those between pelvic length and FBM showed positive allometry. Also, FBM explained more of the variance in pelvic length than in width. Similarly, the angle of the pelvis had a significant negative relationship, but FBM only explained a very low proportion of the variation in pelvic angles. In general terms, ancova showed that the effect of FBM was smaller than the effect of locomotor style in this species set. Both the synsacrum and pelvic girdle play roles in weight support and therefore scale in proportion to body weight accordingly. All three parts of the pelvis (ilium, ischium and pubis) are attached around the acetabulum and also provide muscle attachment points, so it might be expected for them to scale in a similar manner. Increased angulation of the pelvis is linked to orders which employ their hind limbs in feeding, perching and running, although FBM also explains a very low proportion of the variation in pelvic angle. Muscle attachment and the confines on morphology presented by locomotion explain much of the variation exhibited by the relationships among pelvic measurements.

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“…, ). However, in contrast to most diving birds (except guillemots and penguins (Shufeldt, ) as well as crex, rallus, and phasianus (Bogdanovich, ), the kiwi postacetabular ilium is short, with a downward orientation of the synsacrum and a downward orientation of the ischium (Shatkovska et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The narrow pelvis is a feature usually associated with an abducted femur, as observed in diving (Hertel et al 2007;Anten-Houston et al 2017) and paddling birds (Provini et al 2012(Provini et al , 2013. However, in contrast to most diving birds (except guillemots and penguins (Shufeldt, 1901) as well as crex, rallus, and phasianus (Bogdanovich, 2014), the kiwi postacetabular ilium is short, with a downward orientation of the synsacrum and a downward orientation of the ischium (Shatkovska et al 2018). The cranial projection of the iliac ala, the short postacetabular ilium, the bending of the vertebral column, and the large ilioischiatic fenestrae contribute to the ventral bending of the pelvis and the posterior position of the hip on the body.…”

Section: Pelvismentioning

confidence: 99%

How to walk carrying a huge egg? Trade‐offs between locomotion and reproduction explain the special pelvis and leg anatomy in kiwi (Aves;Apteryxspp.)

2019

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Kiwi (Aves; genus Apteryx) are famous for laying an enormous egg in comparison with their relatively small body size. Considering the peculiar gait of this flightless bird, we suspected the existence of morpho-functional tradeoffs between reproduction and locomotion. To understand how structural constraints, imposed by a large egg size, might influence the terrestrial locomotion of Apteryx, we analysed the anatomy of the limb osteomuscular system in two species of kiwi (Apteryx mantelli and Apteryx owenii). We performed detailed dissections and brought to light specific anatomical features of kiwi, in comparison with other ratites and neognathous birds. Our osteological study revealed a strongly curved pelvis, a rigid tail, and enlarged ribs. Our myology study showed an unusual location of the caudofemoralis muscle origin and insertion. The insertion of the pars pelvica along the entire caudal face of the femur, contrasts with the proximal insertion usually seen in other birds. Additionally, the pars caudalis originates along the entire tail, whereas it only inserts on the uropygium in the other birds. To interpret these specificities from a functional point of view, we built three-dimensional osteomuscular models based on computed tomography scans, radiographies and our dissections. We chose three postures associated with reproductive constraints: the standing position of a gravid compared with a non-gravid bird, as well as the brooding position. The 3D model of the brooding position suggested that the enlarged ribs could support the bodyweight when leaning on the huge egg in both males and females. Moreover, we found that in gravid females, the unusual shape of the pelvis and tail allowed the huge egg to sit ventrally below the pelvis, whereas it is held closer to the rachis in other birds. The specific conformation of the limb and the insertions of the two parses of the caudofemoralis help to maintain the tail flexed, and to keep the legs adducted when carrying the egg. The caudal location of the hip and its flexed position explains the long stance phase during the strange gait of kiwi, revealing the functional trade-off between reproduction and locomotion in this emblematic New Zealand bird.

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Morphoecological Peculiarities of Pelvis in Several Genera of Rails with Some notes On systematic Position Of The Coot, Fulica Atra (Rallidae, Gruiformes)

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Size and shape correlation of birds' pelvis and egg: Impact of developmental mode, habitat, and phylogeny

Size and shape correlation of birds' pelvis and egg: Impact of developmental mode, habitat, and phylogeny

Effects of phylogeny and locomotor style on the allometry of body mass and pelvic dimensions in birds

How to walk carrying a huge egg? Trade‐offs between locomotion and reproduction explain the special pelvis and leg anatomy in kiwi (Aves;Apteryxspp.)

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