Abstract:A rich variety of single crystalline BaTiO3 (BT) nanostructures have been synthesized by two different routes using titanate nanorods and nanotubes as precursors. Free standing, mixed or agglomerated nanotori, solid or hollow nanospheres and nanocubes were obtained. A careful analysis of the shape evolution of the resulting BT nano-objects obtained with both types of precursors and different parameters (precursor composition and shape, temperature, Ba/Ti molar ratio) allowed an improved understanding of the na… Show more
“…The continuous stirring seems to favor the surface crystallization and the formation of gapped hollow spheres. It needs to note that different Ti precursors can result in BaTiO 3 nanocrystals with various morphologies and microstructures even one uses similar hydrothermal process [ 40 ]. Fig.…”
Gapped hollow BaTiO3 nanospheres with an apparent diameter of 93 ± 19 nm (shell thickness of 10–20 nm) were synthesized via a dynamic hydrothermal process using TiO2 sols and Ba2+ ions as the Ti and Ba sources in alkaline aqueous solutions. The phases and morphologies of the BaTiO3 samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, TEM, and Raman spectra. The effects of the hydrothermal temperatures and durations, NaOH concentrations, and Ba/Ti ratios on the formation of gapped hollow BaTiO3 nanospheres were systematically investigated. The optimum conditions for forming gapped hollow BaTiO3 nanospheres are hydrothermal treatment at 180 °C for 10–20 h under a continuous magnetic stirring with NaOH concentrations of about 1 mol/L and molar Ba/Ti ratios of 1.2–1.5. The formation mechanism of the gapped hollow BaTiO3 nanospheres is understood as the combination of the orientated attachment and reversed crystal growth.
“…The continuous stirring seems to favor the surface crystallization and the formation of gapped hollow spheres. It needs to note that different Ti precursors can result in BaTiO 3 nanocrystals with various morphologies and microstructures even one uses similar hydrothermal process [ 40 ]. Fig.…”
Gapped hollow BaTiO3 nanospheres with an apparent diameter of 93 ± 19 nm (shell thickness of 10–20 nm) were synthesized via a dynamic hydrothermal process using TiO2 sols and Ba2+ ions as the Ti and Ba sources in alkaline aqueous solutions. The phases and morphologies of the BaTiO3 samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, TEM, and Raman spectra. The effects of the hydrothermal temperatures and durations, NaOH concentrations, and Ba/Ti ratios on the formation of gapped hollow BaTiO3 nanospheres were systematically investigated. The optimum conditions for forming gapped hollow BaTiO3 nanospheres are hydrothermal treatment at 180 °C for 10–20 h under a continuous magnetic stirring with NaOH concentrations of about 1 mol/L and molar Ba/Ti ratios of 1.2–1.5. The formation mechanism of the gapped hollow BaTiO3 nanospheres is understood as the combination of the orientated attachment and reversed crystal growth.
“…Notably, the most important problems caused via soft chemistry still emanate as much from low crystallinity and tetragonality of BaTiO 3 nanoproducts as decreased size, resulting in gradually decreasing spontaneous polarization and T c . In the case of high basic solution, problems usually arise from hydroxylation incorporated in the oxygen sub-lattice, which stabilizes in a metastable cubic phase with non-ferroelectric properties [24,25]. The limitation of the chemical method motivates the search for other processes that produce high performing BaTiO 3 nanoparticles.…”
“…The continuous stirring seems to favor the surface crystallization and the formation of gapped hollow spheres. It needs to note that different Ti precursors can result in BaTiO 3 nanocrystals with various morphologies and microstructures even one uses similar hydrothermal process [40].…”
Section: Understanding Of Growing Gapped Hollow Batio 3 Nanospheres Imentioning
Gapped hollow BaTiO 3 nanospheres with an apparent diameter of 93 ± 19 nm (shell thickness of 10-20 nm) were synthesized via a dynamic hydrothermal process using TiO 2 sols and Ba 2+ ions as the Ti and Ba sources in alkaline aqueous solutions. The phases and morphologies of the BaTiO 3 samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, TEM, and Raman spectra. The effects of the hydrothermal temperatures and durations, NaOH concentrations, and Ba/Ti ratios on the formation of gapped hollow BaTiO 3 nanospheres were systematically investigated. The optimum conditions for forming gapped hollow BaTiO 3 nanospheres are hydrothermal treatment at 180°C for 10-20 h under a continuous magnetic stirring with NaOH concentrations of about 1 mol/L and molar Ba/Ti ratios of 1.2-1.5. The formation mechanism of the gapped hollow BaTiO 3 nanospheres is understood as the combination of the orientated attachment and reversed crystal growth.
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