Morphogenesis of Aortic Arch Malformations in Rat Embryos after Maternal Treatment with Glycerol Formal during Pregnancy

Giavini, Erminio; Vismara, Claudio

doi:10.1159/000145380

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…1 Aortic arch; 2 brachiocephalic trunk; 2¢ right subclavian artery; 2¢¢ right common carotid artery; 3 left common carotid artery; 4 left subclavian artery; 5 ductus arteriosus no brachiocephalic trunk or, in some cases, only short brachiocephalic trunks in treated animals. In contrast, the absence of the brachiocephalic trunk was described in rat fetuses, which were treated with other teratogens (Giavini et al 1981;Nishida et al 1996). Our results on non-treated rats may be comparable with those on man by Zamir and Sinclair (1990).…”

Section: Variation or Anomalysupporting

confidence: 68%

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Mophometric study of the aortic arch and its major branches in rat fetuses on the 21st day of gestation

et al. 2005

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The anatomy and embryology of the aortic arch and its branching tributaries (brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery) in man and animals are well substantiated. However, the anatomical variations and morphometry of the aortic arch and its branching tributaries in rat fetus at the 21st gestation day have not been studied. Pregnant rats were hysterectomized and the arterial systems of 114 fetuses were injected with a polymerisable resin through the umbilical artery. After maceration, the vascular casts were dissected out and prepared for observations under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The resulting SEM pictures were studied with a picture analyser and different vessel parameters (diameters, lengths and angles) were measured. The success rate of the microvascular cast injection was 46.5%. Out of the 53 observed aortic arch casts, 98.1% showed the classical branching pattern and one (1.9%) had no brachiocephalic trunk. Morphological analysis showed many differences, which were not linked to the litter. The statistical processing of the measurements enabled us to determine that the aorta diameter after the branching of the left subclavian artery was the most replicable parameter. Moreover, the results revealed some strong correlations between different parameters. There are probably no discrete categories among the various observed parameters as diameters and angles. Some parameters show very little variability and can thus be used as reference points for further studies such as the comparison of a control population with a population treated with a relevant xenobiotic.

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Section: Variation or Anomalysupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Certain morphological patterns in the aortic arch, such as the absence of the brachiocephalic trunk, are considered either as a ''variation'' in the rat (Scott et al 1997) and man (Nelson and Sparks 2001) or as an anomaly (Giavini et al 1981;Nishida et al 1996;Qi et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mophometric study of the aortic arch and its major branches in rat fetuses on the 21st day of gestation

et al. 2005

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“…Mouse embryos were collected at E17.5 and dilute (1:100) India ink was injected into the left ventricle and perfused through the vascular system using a microinjector (Medical System Corp. PLI-100) (22).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wnt5a Is Required for Cardiac Outflow Tract Septation in Mice

et al. 2007

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Lack of septation of the cardiac outflow tract (OFT) results in persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA), a form of congenital heart disease. The outflow myocardium expands through addition of cells originating from the pharyngeal mesoderm referred to as secondary/anterior heart field, whereas cardiac neural crest (CNC) cellderived mesenchyme condenses to form an aortopulmonary septum. We show for the first time that a mutation in Wnt5a in mice leads to PTA. We provide evidence that Wnt5a is expressed in the pharyngeal mesoderm adjacent to CNC cells in both mouse and chicken embryos and in the myocardial cell layer of the conotruncus at the time when CNC cells begin to form the aortopulmonary septum in mice. Although expression domains of secondary heart field markers are not altered in Wnt5a mutant embryos, the expression of CNC cell marker PlexinA2 is significantly reduced. Stimulation of CNC cells with Wnt5a protein elicits Ca 2ϩ transients, suggesting that CNC cells are capable of responding to Wnt5a. We propose a novel model in which Wnt5a produced in the OFT by cells originating from the pharyngeal mesoderm signals to adjacent CNC cells during formation of the aortopulmonary septum through a noncanonical pathway via localized intracellular increases in Ca

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“…We believe tbat our eoncept of the transformation of the aortie areh eomplex during development by a system of septa is suitable (together witb the classical obliterative mechanism) as an explanation for the normal arrangement of tbe great arte ries as weil as for all types of malformations. In addition, it explains why not only experimental interferenee with blood flow through the aartie arches (20), but also experimental exposure of the embryo to hypoxia (13), to injeetion of azodyes (9,29), to otber teratogenes (10,27,30), or to X-ray or fast neutron irradiation (12,28) ean result in tbe development of malformations of the aortic areh eomplex. We assume that any ehemical substanee or irradiation which affeets proliferation may affeet tbe growtb of the interarterial septal system if administration is in sufficient doses and at the critical point of time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution to the Development of the Heart

Seidl¹,

Steding²

1981

Thorac cardiovasc Surg

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The present paper reports our study of the developmental transformation of the aortic arch complex. A system of interarterial septa in the region of the embryonic aortic arch complex is demonstrated by means of microdissection and scanning electron microscopy. Local differences in growth of the dorsal and ventral free edges of these interarterial septa define, together with the commonly known obliteration of arterial segments, the arrangement of the origin of the great arteries. On the basis of this interarterial septal system a concept of disturbed interarterial septal growth, complemental to the long-established mechanism of obliteration, is introduced for interpretation of the formal genesis of malformations of the great arteries and their branches arising from the heart. The following pathogenetic mechanisms are suggested to contribute to the development of malformations in the aortic arch complex: 1. Increase or decrease of the number of interarterial septa 2. Excessive or reduced septal growth or deviating growth directions 3. Origin of septa in abnormal positions 4. Abnormal blending of the free edges of interarterial septa 5. Abnormal connection with the truncus septa 6. Abnormal processes of obliteration.

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Morphogenesis of Aortic Arch Malformations in Rat Embryos after Maternal Treatment with Glycerol Formal during Pregnancy

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Mophometric study of the aortic arch and its major branches in rat fetuses on the 21st day of gestation

Mophometric study of the aortic arch and its major branches in rat fetuses on the 21st day of gestation

Wnt5a Is Required for Cardiac Outflow Tract Septation in Mice

Contribution to the Development of the Heart

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