Morphogenesis of insect-induced plant galls: facts and questions

Raman, Anantanarayanan

doi:10.1016/j.flora.2010.08.004

Cited by 90 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(126 reference statements)

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“…Plant galls are productions of atypical tissue that result in hypertrophy (enlarged cells), hyperplasy (excessive proliferation of cells) and other types of malformations induced by the direct developmental intervention of a biological agent (Raman, 2011). Consequently, galls are fundamentally parasitic relationships in which the metabolic machinery of the plant host is developmentally controlled by an organism, usually an immature stage that is lodged within the host plant.…”

Section: What About Galls?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant paleopathology and the roles of pathogens and insects

Labandeira

Prevec

2014

International Journal of Paleopathology

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Section: What About Galls?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant paleopathology and the roles of pathogens and insects

Labandeira

Prevec

2014

International Journal of Paleopathology

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“…In some cases, it may also be due to the feeding activity of the mother insect during oviposition (Rohfritsch 1992). The corresponding cell responses are induced by the combined effects of tissue injury and the injection of substances present in the saliva of the insect, which causes metabolic and hormonal imbalances in adjacent tissues (Hori 1992, Raman 2011. After gall induction, a number of cell divisions and hypertrophy occur (Mani 1964, Rohfritsch 1992, Oliveira et al 2006, and increase as the insect's feeding activity continues (Rohfritsch 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental pathway from leaves to galls induced by a sap-feeding insect on Schinus polygamus (Cav.) Cabrera (Anacardiaceae)

Dias

Ferreira

Moreira

et al. 2013

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Galling sap-feeding insects are presumed to cause only minor changes in host plant tissues, because they usually do not require development of nutritive tissues for their own use. This premise was examined through comparison of the histometry, cytometry and anatomical development of non-galled leaves and galls of Calophya duvauae (Scott) (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) on Schinus polygamus (Cav.) Cabrera (Anacardiaceae). Cell fates changed from non-galled leaves to galls during the course of tissue differentiation. C. duvauae caused changes in dermal, ground, and vascular systems of the leaves of S. polygamus. Its feeding activity induced the homogenization of the parenchyma, and the neoformation of vascular bundles and trichomes. The histometric and cytometric data revealed compensatory effects of hyperplasia and cell hypertrophy in the epidermis, with hyperplasia predominating in the adaxial epidermis. There was a balance between these processes in the other tissues. Thus, we found major differences between the developmental pathways of non-galled leaves and galls. These changes were associated with phenotypic alterations related to shelter and appropriate microenvironmental conditions for the gall inducer. The nondifferentiation of a typical nutritive tissue in this case was compared to other non-phylogenetically related arthropod gall systems, and is suggested to result from convergence associated with the piercing feeding apparatus of the corresponding gall-inducer.

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“…Galls are the best examples for modified, usually symmetrical, natural-plant structures that arise solely because of messages from the inducing insects. These structures develop as an extension of the host-plant phenotype (Raman 2011). That the morphology and physiology of the plant influence the biology, ecology, and evolution of a plant-feeding insect is established: interactions between diverse species of flowering plants (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gall induction by hemipteroid insects

Raman

2012

Journal of Plant Interactions

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The Thysanoptera and sternorrhynchous Hemiptera induce galls through feeding action, a behavior similar to that in the Cecidomyiidae. Salivary glands of gall-founding female thrips include greater quantities of hydrolyzing enzymes and soluble proteins than those in either males or pupae, which possibly alter the host-tissue metabolism, enabling galls to develop. Piercing-and-sucking mouthparts of the Hemiptera are adapted for an exclusively liquid diet Á either the plant sap from vascular elements or the fluids from living nonvascular cells. Hemipteransalivary chemistry alters the hormonal balance in the host, triggering gall development. Soluble proteins in the saliva of nymphs are critical. Gall-inducing Hemiptera vigorously take oxygen from the 'gall' tissue, which triggers auxin activity. Gall-inducing behaviors in the Thysanoptera and Sternorrhyncha are similar in that gall induction occurs by the feeding action of a single female, and gall-founding females disperse over short distances seeking young host-plant organs. Besides providing a comparative overview of gall induction by hemipteroids, this paper highlights the subtle but noteworthy differences in behaviors among these insects, thus offering pointers to their evolution within the specialist guild of herbivory.

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Morphogenesis of insect-induced plant galls: facts and questions

Cited by 90 publications

References 106 publications

Plant paleopathology and the roles of pathogens and insects

Plant paleopathology and the roles of pathogens and insects

Developmental pathway from leaves to galls induced by a sap-feeding insect on Schinus polygamus (Cav.) Cabrera (Anacardiaceae)

Gall induction by hemipteroid insects

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